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. 2020 Jul 13;161(10):2229–2235. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002004

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Schematic representation of how the COVID 19 pandemic (A) exacerbates existing levels of social threat (B), thereby inducing several social challenges (C) for people with chronic pain, and ultimately increasing the risk for the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of chronic pain complaints (D). Possible protecting processes and interventions countering the effects of the pandemic are portrayed as well (E).