TABLE 1.

Draggable genes with therapeutic impact for biliary tract cancer partly cited from the clinical practice guidance for next‐generation sequencing in cancer diagnosis and treatment (Edition 1.0) ²¹

Gene name	Types of gene alterations	Tumor type a	Mutation frequency b	Clinical significance a	Evidence level a	Agents	Reactivity
ERBB2	Amplification	Biliary cancer	GBC 9.8%‐19% ECC 11%‐17%	Response	2A	Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab	Sensitive
NTRK1	Fusion gene	Solid tumor	ICC 5.6%	Response	2A	Pan Trk inhibitor	Sensitive
RNF43	Mutation (loss of function)	Solid tumor	GBC 3.9% ICC 9.3%	Response	3A	LGK974 (Porcupine inhibitor)	Sensitive
CDK6	Amplification/Actionable mutation	Solid tumor	ICC 7%	Response	3B	Ribociclib	Sensitive
CDKN2B	Mutation (loss of function)	Solid tumor	GBC 5.9%‐19% ECC 17% ICC 5.6%‐25.9%	Response	3B	CDK4/6 inhibitor	Sensitive
FGFR2	Fusion gene	Biliary cancer	GBC 3% ICC 11%‐45%	Response	3B	PD173074 (FGFR inhibitor)	Sensitive
IDH1	Actionable mutation	Biliary cancer	GBC 1.5% ECC 0.7%‐4% ICC 4.9%‐36%	Response	3B	Dasatinib	Sensitive
IDH2	Actionable mutation	Biliary cancer	GBC 1.5% ECC 0.7%‐4% ICC 4.9%‐36%	Response	3B	Dasatinib	Sensitive

Abbreviations: ECC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; GBC, gallbladder carcinoma; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

^aTumor type, clinical significance, and evidence level of the draggable genes with therapeutic impact were cited from the clinical practice guidance for next‐generation sequencing in cancer diagnosis and treatment (Edition 1.0). ²¹

^bMutation frequency of all genes but one was cited from a review article reported by Valle et al. ²² Mutation frequency of NTRK1 was quoted from a study reported by Ross et al. ⁴⁹