Table 1.

Various total neoadjuvant treatment protocols in the review article

Author	Study design	Treatment group	Primary outcome
Marco et al 25	Nonrandomized	Group I: neoadjuvant LCRT Group II: Neoadjuvant LCRT – Consolidation CTx 2cycles Group III: Neoadjuvant LCRT – Consolidation CTx 4cycles Group IV: Neoadjuvant LCRT – Consolidation CTx 6cycles	pCR rate Surgical difficulty Postoperative complication
Bujko et al 26	Randomized	neoadjuvant LCRT vs. Conolidation CTx following SCRT	R0 resection
RAPIDO trial 27	Randomized	neoadjuvant LCRT vs. Conolidation CTx following SCRT	DFS after 3 years
Fernandez‐Martos et al 32	Nonrandomized	neoadjuvant LCRT vs. Induction CTx followed by LCRT	pCR rate
Cercek et al 33	Retrospective	neoadjuvant LCRT vs. Induction CTx followed by LCRT	pCR rate Group I:21%, group II:36%
CAO/ARO/AIO‐12 trial 35	Randomized	Induction CTx followed by LCRT vs. Conolidation CTx following SCRT	pCR rate
PROSPECT trial 30	Randomized	neoadjuvant LCRT vs. induction CTx with or without RTx	R0 resection DFS after 3 years

Abbreviations: CTx, chemotherapy; DFS, disease free survival, RTx, radiotherapy; LCRT, long‐course chemoradiation therapy; pCR, pathologic complete response; SCRT, short‐course chemoradiation therapy.