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. 2020 Jul 24;11:3713. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17443-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a–d Single-turnover unwinding of fork DNA substrates containing ss (black) or ds (blue) lagging-strand arm by CMG b, large T antigen c, and NS3 d. DNA substrates contained 28-bp duplex region and were modified with Black Hole Quencher 2 (BHQ2) at the 3′-end of the lagging-strand template and Cy5 at the 5′-end of the leading-strand template. Solid lines represent fits to Eq. (2) in b and Eq. (3) in c and d (see Methods). e The ratio of fluorescence plateau intensity on Fork^dsLag to Fork^ssLag indicates that DNA stimulation of fork DNA unwinding by duplexing the lagging-strand arm is helicase dependent. All data represent mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.