Table 2.

Comparison of the classical indices and the indices stemming from the dynamical analysis of VO₂ and HR: the gain $\text{K}$ and the decay time $\mathrm{\tau }$.

Indices	Measurement 1	Measurement 2	p value	Cohen’s d
Group 1: training
MAP (W)	239.8 (55.2)	242.7 (60.0)	0.85
VO2 max (mL/min/kg)	33.6 (6.1)	42.5 (7.4)	< 0.01	1.31
HR max (beat/min)	186.9 (10.1)	188.5 (7.2)	0.51
Power VT1 (W)	97.2 (50.7)	113.9 (40.9)	0.16
Power VT2 (W)	174.7 (54.5)	181.0 (49.8)	0.64
HRR (beat/min)	35.0 (12.3)	36.9 (9.6)	0.53
rHRI (beat/min/s)	0.5 (0.2)	0.5 (0.1)	0.84
${\tau }_{\mathit{HR}}$ (s)	106.4 (33.7)	108.3 (32.2)	0.82
$K_{\mathit{HR}}$(beat/min/W)	0.43 (0.13)	0.43 (0.12)	0.96
${\tau }_{V{O}_2}$(s)	58.9 (19.9)	57.5 (27.7)	0.84
$K_{V{O}_2}$(mL/min/W)	6.9 (1.7)	9.2 (1.1)	< 0.01	1.61
Group 2: deconditioning
MAP (W)	231.9 (31.1)	226.4 (27.4)	0.62
VO2 max (mL/min/kg)	62.5 (5.6)	49.9 (6.4)	< 0.01	2.11
HR max (beat/min)	199.6 (7.2)	200.6 (5.0)	0.65
Power VT1 (W)	116.3 (20.8)	101.1 (16.9)	0.04	0.80
Power VT2 (W)	184.0 (26.6)	165.2 (29.0)	0.10
HRR (beat/min)	38.3 (9.0)	41.3 (10.3)	0.50
${\tau }_{\mathit{HR}}$ (s)	100.2 (37.3)	91.7 (25.1)	0.50
$K_{\mathit{HR}}$(beat/min/ W)	0.4 (0.1)	0.4 (0.1)	0.64
${\tau }_{V{O}_2}$(s)	54.6 (19.4)	58.4 (30.9)	0.70
$K_{V{O}_2}$(mL/min/W)	12.6 (1.7)	8.9 (1.1)	< 0.01	2.57

Effort test measurements have been performed before and after the 3-month training in group 1 and before and after the 6-week deconditioning in group 2. VO₂: O₂ consumption; HR: Heart Rate; MAP: Maximal Aerobic Power; HRR: Heart Resting Rate; rHRI: rate of Heart Rate Increase; VT: Ventilatory Threshold. Group 2 does not have rHRI because of the protocol used: the linear increase of power does not allow proper calculation of rHRI. Effect size is given by the Cohen’s d of the t test.