Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants
| Treatment Group (n=30) | Control Group A (n=30) | Control Group B (n=30) | χ2/F-value | ANOVA P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 47.30±14.89 | 49.80±15.13 | 46.77±15.57 | 0.34 | 0.71 | |
| Duration, years | 5.67±5.70 | 7.48±6.23 | 5.89±5.64 | 0.85 | 0.43 | |
| Gender, n (%) | Male | 11 (36.7) | 10 (33.3) | 11 (36.7) | 0.10 | 0.95 |
| Female | 19 (63.3) | 20 (66.7) | 19 (63.3) | |||
| Marriage, n (%) | Married | 4 (13.3) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (23.3) | 3.09 | 0.60 |
| Not married | 24 (80.0) | 22 (73.3) | 23 (76.7) | |||
| Divorced/widowed | 2 (6.7) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Alcohol, n (%) | Y | 8 (26.7) | 6 (20.0) | 8 (26.7) | 0.48 | 0.79 |
| N | 22 (73.3) | 24 (80.0) | 22 (73.7) | |||
| Education, n (%) | Graduate | 3 (10.0) | 4 (13.3) | 5 (16.7) | 2.28 | 0.69 |
| Undergraduate | 12 (40.0) | 11 (36.7) | 7 (23.3) | |||
| High school and below | 15 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 18 (60.0) | |||
| Previous treatment, n (%) | Y | 15 (50.0) | 21 (70.0) | 15 (50.0) | 3.26 | 0.20 |
| N | 15 (50.0) | 9 (30.0) | 15 (50.0) | |||
| Coffee, n (%) | Y | 14 (46.7) | 10 (33.3) | 13 (43.3) | 1.19 | 0.55 |
| N | 16 (53.3) | 20 (66.7) | 17 (56.7) | |||
| Cigarettes, n (%) | Y | 7 (23.3) | 6 (20.0) | 6 (20.0) | 0.13 | 0.94 |
| N | 23 (76.7) | 24 (80.0) | 24 (80.0) | |||
| Course of disease, years | 5.68±5.70 | 7.48±6.22 | 6.35±5.85 | 0.85 | 0.43 | |
| PSQI | 16.47±1.89 | 16.13±2.70 | 16.87±4.83 | 0.36 | 0.70 | |
| HAMD-17 | 28.17±5.53 | 27.13±4.62 | 27.40±6.46 | 0.28 | 0.76 | |
| SDS | 43.20±10.50 | 41.40±10.40 | 43.73±8.98 | 0.45 | 0.64 | |
| HAMA | 22.33±8.76 | 22.97±9.25 | 24.87±8.42 | 0.67 | 0.51 | |
| Actigraphy | SE, % | 76.73±5.04 | 77.32±4.20 | 77.49±5.17 | 0.21 | 0.81 |
| TST, minutes | 326.67±61.59 | 336.17±46.83 | 324.10±59.97 | 0.38 | 0.69 | |
| SA, times | 22.57±6.55 | 20.07±5.91 | 22.07±6.86 | 1.26 | 0.29 | |
Abbreviations: PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale; HAMD-17, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HAMA, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; SE, sleep efficiency; TST, total sleep time; SA, sleep awakening.