Table 3.
Multivariable penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression models for the association between risk factors and increased carotid intima-media thickness (α = 0.15).
| Cofactor | Full model | Final model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | p-value | OR [95% CI] | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 1.05 [0.97–1.14] | 0.25 | ||
| Men | 2.25 [0.09–55.58] | 0.62 | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | 3.37 [0.68–16.81] | 0.14 | ||
| Current/ former smoking | 1.19 [0.27–5.32] | 0.82 | ||
| Current/ former alcohol use | 0.9 [0.22–3.63] | 0.88 | ||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1.02 [1.00–1.04] | 0.12 | ||
| Diabetes | 1.63 [0.25–10.57] | 0.61 | ||
| Framingham risk score: High or intermediate | 3.13 [0.33–29.72] | 0.32 | 10.95 [1.83–65.37] | 0.009 |
| CD4 cell count ≥ 200 (cells/μl) | 0.28 [0.02–3.40] | 0.32 | ||
| HIV infection duration ≥ 5 (years) | 2.01 [0.47–8.66] | 0.35 | 3.21 [0.79–13.05] | 0.10 |
| HIV-RNA (copies/ml) | 1.57 [0.27–9.32] | 0.62 | ||
CI=Confidence interval; HIV=Human immunodeficiency virus; LDL=low-density lipoprotein; OR, Odds ratio; RNA, ribonucleic acid.