Table 2.

Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models on factors associated with use of drug checking services

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Witnessed an overdose*	3.78 (2.66 – 5.49)	<0.001	2.32 (1.57 – 3.49)	<0.001
Age†	0.98 (0.97 – 1.00)	0.005	1.00 (0.99 – 1.02)	0.784
Sex at birth	0.92 (0.68 – 1.26)	0.612
White ethnicity	1.34 (0.98 – 1.85)	0.067	1.40 (1.01 – 1.96)	0.045
Homelessness*	2.23 (1.60 – 3.11)	<0.001	1.25 (0.83 – 1.89)	0.284
≥ Daily injection drug use*	4.22 (3.09 – 5.79)	<0.001	2.00 (1.31 – 3.06)	0.001
≥ Daily heroin use*	3.01 (2.20 – 4.11)	<0.001	0.97 (0.65 – 1.44)	0.862
≥ Daily cocaine use*	0.34 (0.06 – 1.13)	0.141
≥ Daily crack use*	0.57 (0.28 – 1.07)	0.104
≥ Daily methamphetamine use*	2.03 (1.43 – 2.86)	<0.001	1.07 (0.71 – 1.59)	0.749
≥ Daily illicit prescription opioid use*	3.25 (1.44 – 6.89)	0.003	1.45 (0.55 – 3.53)	0.426
Use of drugs that contained fentanyl*	6.50 (4.38 – 9.97)	<0.001	3.35 (2.09 – 5.48)	<0.001
Public injection*	3.08 (2.24 – 4.23)	<0.001	1.03 (0.68 – 1.55)	0.879
Drug dealing*	2.78 (1.95 – 3.93)	<0.001	1.46 (0.98 – 2.15)	0.062
Sex work*	2.08 (1.30 – 3.24)	0.002	1.05 (0.62 – 1.74)	0.851
Non-fatal overdose*	2.32 (1.55 – 3.42)	<0.001	1.34 (0.86 – 2.08)	0.190

OR: odds ratio

CI: confidence interval

^†Per one-year increase

^*Activities reported in the last six months