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Effects of curcumin on TGF-β1/smad3 signaling pathway in HCC cell lines. HepG2 or HCCLM3 cells were treated with curcumin with indicated concentrations for 24 h. The expression of TGF-β1 and p-smad3 protein was determined by western blotting assay. The experiment was repeated three times. Results are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the 0 μM group.
