Table 2.
Prevalence of geriatric syndromes and the need for hospice care based on EGA classified by sex.
| Variable | Total (n = 693) | Female (n = 323) | Male (n = 370) | p value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delirium | 73 (11.4) | 28 (9.4) | 45 (13.1) | 0.18 |
| Depression | 133 (23.4) | 56 (21.5) | 77 (25.1) | 0.36 |
| Dementia | 248 (43.1) | 123 (45.7) | 125 (40.8) | 0.27 |
| Deterioration of ADL for <1 year† | 200 (29.4) | 97 (30.5) | 103 (28.4) | 0.60 |
| Feeding | 92 (3.3) | 45 (13.9) | 47 (12.7) | 0.73 |
| Hygiene | 133 (19.2) | 62 (19.2) | 71 (19.2) | >0.95 |
| Dressing | 106 (15.3) | 49 (15.2) | 57 (15.4) | >0.95 |
| Transferring | 92 (13.3) | 42 (13.0) | 50 (13.6) | 0.92 |
| Walking | 142 (20.5) | 68 (21.1) | 74 (20.1) | 0.82 |
| Toileting | 111 (16.0) | 53 (16.4) | 58 (15.7) | 0.89 |
| Bathing | 140 (20.2) | 71 (22.0) | 69 (18.7) | 0.33 |
| Vision impairment affecting ADL | 143 (22.2) | 66 (21.9) | 77 (22.6) | 0.90 |
| Hearing impairment affecting ADL | 153 (23.8) | 59 (19.6) | 94 (27.6) | 0.02 |
| Sleep disturbances affecting ADL | 90 (13.1) | 51 (15.9) | 39 (10.7) | 0.04 |
| Any fall in <1 year | 149 (21.8) | 77 (24.1) | 72 (19.7) | 0.19 |
| Polypharmacy (≥8 drugs) | 198 (28.7) | 98 (30.5) | 100 (27.2) | 0.38 |
| Pain | 220 (35.1) | 114 (39.2) | 106 (31.5) | 0.06 |
| Pressure ulcer | 39 (5.6) | 16 (5.0) | 23 (6.2) | 0.57 |
| Incontinence or retention | 205 (29.6) | 96 (29.7) | 109 (29.5) | >0.95 |
| Indwelling device or physical restrain† | 149 (21.6) | 65 (20.2) | 84 (22.8) | 0.47 |
| Nasogastric tube | 81 (11.7) | 31 (9.6) | 50 (13.6) | 0.14 |
| Foley catheter | 98 (14.2) | 51 (15.8) | 47 (12.7) | 0.30 |
| Tracheostomy | 6 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (1.4) | 0.29 |
| Physical restrain | 5 (0.7) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.5) | 0.88 |
| Other | 14 (2.0) | 2 (0.6) | 12 (3.3) | 0.03 |
| Nutrition problem‡ | 237 (35.7) | 135 (43.3) | 102 (29.0) | <0.01 |
| BMI | 22.9 ± 4.1 | 23.2 ± 4.6 | 22.7 ± 3.6 | 0.13 |
| Frequent use of medical resources | 347 (50.1) | 150 (46.4) | 197 (53.4) | 0.08 |
| Lack of advance care planning | 581 (84.0) | 269 (83.3) | 312 (84.6) | 0.73 |
| Caregiver problem | 32 (4.6) | 11 (3.4) | 21 (5.7) | 0.21 |
| Socioeconomic problem† | 38 (5.5) | 20 (6.7) | 18 (4.9) | 0.55 |
| Live alone | 31 (4.5) | 17 (5.3) | 14 (3.8) | 0.46 |
| Economic problem | 10 (1.4) | 4 (1.2) | 6 (1.6) | 0.92 |
| Need for family meeting | 43 (6.2) | 19 (5.9) | 24 (6.5) | 0.87 |
| Need for hospice care | 82 (11.9) | 38 (11.8) | 44 (11.9) | >0.95 |
| Estimated life period <6 months | 26 (3.8) | 14 (4.3) | 12 (3.3) | 0.59 |
| Need for comfortable care only | 26 (3.8) | 14 (4.3) | 12 (3.3) | 0.59 |
| Long-term bedridden¶ | 82 (11.9) | 38 (11.9) | 44 (11.9) | >0.95 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). ∗Comparison between female and male patients. †Multiple choices. EGA, emergency geriatric assessment; ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; BWL, body weight loss. ‡Any of the following: BMI ≤18.5 kg/m2, BMI ≥27 kg/m2, BWL 5% in <1 month or BWL 10% in <6 months, dysphagia or poor appetite in recent 2 weeks, or difficulty in swallowing or intake. ¶Long-term bedridden for >3 months, recurrent infection, and significant cognitive impairment.