Table 1.
Characteristics of participants categorized by arterial stiffness (AS) status.
| Characteristics | All | Subjects with AS | Subjects without AS | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects (%) | 2296 (100.0) | 581 (25.3) | 1715 (74.7) | — |
| Gender (male, %) | 55.3 | 73.3 | 49.2 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 43.0 (40.0-45.0) | 43.0 (40.0-45.0) | 43.0 (40.0-45.0) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | 29.2 | 37.3 | 26.5 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 43.0 | 55.4 | 38.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 4.0 | 7.4 | 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 20.6 | 50.3 | 10.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 (21.9-26.0) | 24.7 (22.7-26.8) | 23.5 (21.6-25.6) | 0.368 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 69.0 (63.5-75.5) | 71.5 (65.8-78.3) | 68.5 (63.0-74.5) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.3 (112.-131.3) | 133.3 (124.3-146.7) | 110.0 (118.0-126.3) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.0 (69.0-84.0) | 86.0 (78.7-93.3) | 73.7 (67.7-79.7) | <0.001 |
| SUA (μmol/L) | 279.2 (225.0-335.3) | 305.8 (263.0-360.1) | 269.8 (218.6-324.2) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.57 (4.28-4.91) | 4.67 (4.34-5.01) | 4.54 (4.26-4.86) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.51 (4.04-5.01) | 4.64 (4.17-5.15) | 4.47 (4.01-4.97) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.33 (0.96-1.95) | 1.55 (1.01-2.23) | 1.26 (0.92-1.84) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.50 (2.13-2.91) | 2.58 (2.22-3.01) | 2.46 (2.10-2.86) | <0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.15 (0.99-1.33) | 1.10 (0.97-1.28) | 1.16 (1.00-1.35) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 76.7 ± 14.2 | 79.6 ± 14.8 | 75.7 ± 13.9 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 97.2 (86.9-110.0) | 95.6 (85.9-108.7) | 97.6 (87.2-110.3) | 0.150 |
| uUA/Cre | 0.20 (0.12-0.33) | 0.20 (0.11-0.32) | 0.20 (0.12-0.33) | 0.566 |
| FEUA | 5.19 (3.04-9.17) | 5.07 (2.76-8.58) | 5.44 (3.13-9.37) | 0.025 |
| CIMT (mm) | 0.62 (0.53-0.75) | 0.68 (0.57-0.83) | 0.60 (0.53-0.70) | <0.001 |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1219.0 (1093.6-1374.1) | 1498.0 (1428.0-1624.8) | 1163.5 (1061.5-1265.0) | <0.001 |
AS: arterial stiffness; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SUA: serum uric acid; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; uUA/Cre: urinary uric acid/creatinine ratio; FEUA: fraction excretion of uric acid; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness. Nonnormally distributed variables are expressed as the median (interquartile range). All other values are expressed as mean ± SD or n, %.