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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surgery. 2019 Jul 17;166(5):738–743. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.06.006

Table II.

Estimates of coefficients in a hierarchical logistic regression analysis of factors contributing to autonomy granted to residents in the operating room

Attending surgeons’ perceptions Residents’ perceptions
Parameter estimate (confidence interval) Statistical significance Parameter estimate (confidence interval) Statistical significance
Level of training
 PGY 1 Reference Reference
 PGY 2 1.47 (1.26–1.68) P < .001 1.33 (1.10–1.55) P < .001
 PGY 3 1.57 (1.38–1.76) P < .001 1.56 (1.36–1.77) P < .001
 PGY 4 2.44 (2.25–2.63) P < .001 2.40 (2.21–2.60) P < .001
 PGY 5 2.82 (2.62–3.02) P < .001 2.67 (2.46–2.89) P = .002
Patient-related case complexity
Easiest one third Reference Reference
 Average −0.57 (−0.73 to −0.42) P < .001 −0.40 (−0.57 to −0.23) P < .001
 Hardest one third −1.34 (−1.52 to −1.17) P < .001 −0.88 (−1.07 to −0.69) P < .001
Case difficulty
 Advanced Reference Reference
 Core 1.25 (1.09–1.40) P < .001 1.23 (1.06–1.40) P < .001
Resident sex
 Female Reference Reference
 Male 0.26 (0.15–0.37) P < .001 0.30 (0.18–0.42) P < .001
Attending faculty sex
 Female Reference Reference
 Male −0.77 P = .25 −0.09 P = .18

The analysis of attending faculties’ perception uses evaluation data submitted by attending faculty based on their perspective of the autonomy granted in the operation. The analysis of the residents’ perception used evaluation data submitted by residents based on their perspective of the autonomy they received.

PGY, postgraduate year.