Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, laboratory values and discharge characteristics in patients with brain hemorrhages and COVID-19 positive.
| Parameters | All (n = 35) | SDH (n = 17) | SAH (n = 2) | MCH (n = 7) | MFH (n = 4) | Focal ICH (n = 5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age-years, mean (SD) | 67.03 (15.5) | 77.71 (8.21) | 62 (2.83) | 63.14 (5.64) | 56.75 (24.05) | 46.4 (11.35) |
| Female, n (%) | 14 (40) | 6 (35.3) | 2 (100) | 5 (71.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 4 (11.4) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) |
| African-American | 13 (37.1) | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (42.9) | 2 (50) | 3 (60) |
| Hispanic | 14 (40) | 8 (47.1) | 1 (50) | 4 (57.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Other | 4 (11.4) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 1 (20) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 26.96 (6.13) | 22.46 (2.30) | 30.95 (1.8) | 33.75 (6.07) | 30.56 (5.4) | 28.18 (4.97) |
| Severe COVID-19 on admission, n (%) | 11 (31.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (85.7) | 3 (75) | 2 (40) |
| Inpatient, n (%) | 11 (31.4) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (50) | 2 (40) |
| Emergency, n (%) | 24 (68.6) | 15 (88.2) | 2 (100) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (50) | 3 (60) |
| Surgical management, n (%) | 4 (11.4) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Vital signs at admission | ||||||
| Fever, n (%) | 6 (18.2) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) |
| Hypoxemia, n (%) | 11 (33.3) | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (66.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 130 (113−146) | 126 (112−139) | 134.5 (122−147) | 130 (106−158) | 154 (113−155) | 131 (130−157) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 67 (61−76) | 67 (61−88) | 68.5 (68−69) | 63.5 (56−74) | 67 (65−72) | 79 (67−96) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 25 (71.4) | 14 (82.4) | 1 (50) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (50) | 3 (60) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (28.6) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (50) | 5 (71.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 6 (17.1) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 1 (20) |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 2 (5.7) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Any malignancy, n (%) | 5 (14.3) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Laboratory markers at admissiona | ||||||
| WBC count >10,800 per mm3 | 12 (35.3) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (50) | 3 (42.9) | 2 (66.7) | 2 (40) |
| Lymphocytes <1000 per mm3 | 20 (58.8) | 8 (47.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (71.4) | 3 (100) | 4 (80) |
| Platelets count <100,000 per mm3 | 3 (8.8) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L | 14 (43.8) | 6 (40) | 0 (0) | 4 (57.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (80) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase >40 U/L | 14 (45.2) | 7 (50) | 0 (0) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (40) |
| Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) >38.9 s | 6 (20.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (25) |
| International normalized ratio (INR) >1.2 | 10 (34.5) | 10 (83.3) | 0 (0) | 5 (83.3) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) |
| D-dimer >2 ng/mL | 17 (70.8) | 12 (100) | 1 (100) | 6 (100) | 3 (100) | 3 (75) |
| Creatinine > 1.33 μmol/L | 11 (33.3) | 7 (41.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0 (0) |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) > 20 mg/dL | 20 (60.6) | 11 (64.7) | 1 (50) | 4 (66.7) | 3 (100) | 1 (20) |
| Hemorrhagic etiology | ||||||
| Traumatic hemorrhage, n (%) | 13 (37.1) | 12 (70.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Spontaneous hemorrhage, n (%) | 22 (62.9) | 5 (29.4) | 2 (100) | 6 (85.7) | 4 (100) | 5 (100) |
| Outpatient medication | ||||||
| Anticoagulants, n (%) | 7 (20) | 5 (29.4) | 1 (50) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Antiplatelets, n (%) | 5 (14.3) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (50) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Non-routine discharge, n (%) | 32 (91.4) | 14 (82.4) | 2 (100) | 7 (100) | 4 (100) | 5 (100) |
| Mortality, n (%) | 16 (45.7) | 6 (35.3) | 1 (50) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (50) | 2 (40) |
a
Missing values: WBCC 2/35 (5.7 %), Lymphocytes 2/35 (5.7 %), Platelets 2/35 (5.7 %), ALT 3/35 (8.5 %), AST 4/35 (11.4 %), PTT 4/35 (11.4 %), INR 3/35 (8.5 %), D-dimer 9/35 (25.7 %).