Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and adverse outcomes of patients with and without COX‐2 inhibitor treatment
| Variable | COX‐2 inhibitor treatment (n = 22) | No COX‐2 inhibitor treatment (n = 146) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 56 (53.8–61.0) | 62 (55.8–68.3) | 0.002 |
| Male gender | 11 (50.0%) | 82 (56.2%) | 0.649 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (18.2%) | 46 (31.5%) | 0.316 |
| Hypertension | 7 (31.8%) | 74 (50.7%) | 0.113 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1 (4.5%) | 14 (9.6%) | 0.696 |
| Chronic lung disease | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.7%) | 0.432 |
| Smoking | 1 (4.8%) | 4 (2.8%) | 0.651 |
| Number of comorbidities | 1 (0–2) | 2 (0.75–3) | 0.010 |
| Charlson's score | 0 (0–0.25) | 0.5 (0–1) | 0.018 |
| Baseline investigations | |||
| White blood count (×109 L−1) | 4.45 (3.40–6.10) | 5.15 (4.10–6.60) | 0.082 |
| Neutrophil count (×109 L−1) | 3.04 (2.09–4.62) | 3.23 (2.44–4.59) | 0.513 |
| Lymphocyte count (×109 L−1) | 0.94 (0.78–1.15) | 1.12 (0.81–1.44) | 0.100 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg L−1) | 16.2 (10.3–24.8) | 28.2 (8.4–63.2, n = 143) | 0.129 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U L−1) | 524 (409.8–645) | 509 (418.5–685) | 0.994 |
| Creatinine (μmol L−1) | 67.5 (53.3–84.3) | 73.0 (59.0–87.0) | 0.198 |
| Co‐administered treatments | |||
| Lopinavir–ritonavir | 2 (9.1%) | 37 (25.3%) | 0.109 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (6.2%) | 0.608 |
| Remdesivir | 1 (4.5%) | 17 (11.6%) | 0.473 |
| Interferon‐beta | 1 (4.5%) | 13 (8.9%) | 0.697 |
| Adverse outcomes | |||
| Supplemental oxygen | 4 (18.2%) | 56 (38.4%) | 0.093 |
| ICU admission | 2 (9.1%) | 32 (21.9%) | 0.254 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (13.0%) | 0.139 |
| Mortality | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (5.6%) | 0.599 |
| Composite adverse outcome | 4 (18.2%) | 57 (39.0%) | 0.062 |
Continuous variables are reported as median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are reported as absolute number (percentage).
Bold text indicates P < 0.05.
CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; NA, not applicable.