Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and changes in depression and rumination in experimental group and control group
| Variable | NF (n = 14) | SC (n = 12) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F)a | 6/8 | 6/6 |
| Ageb | 22.33 ± 2.43 | 23.05 ± 3.25 |
| Baseline PAFc | 1.59 ± 2.34 | 1.98 ± 2.24 |
| Depression | ||
| Pretraining | 24.9 ± 8.25 | 21.0 ± 6.27 |
| Posttraining | 16.8 ± 9.24 | 17.5 ± 8.25 |
| t | −3.31** | −1.76 |
| Rumination | ||
| Pretraining | 28.8 ± 5.25 | 27.7 ± 3.14 |
| Posttraining | 24.5 ± 4.88 | 26.3 ± 2.31 |
| t | −4.77*** | −1.40 |
| Distraction | ||
| Pretraining | 25.6 ± 5.65 | 24.1 ± 4.71 |
| Posttraining | 26.3 ± 3.36 | 23.6 ± 5.35 |
| t | 0.53 | −0.52 |
Values are presented as number only or mean ± standard deviation.
NF, neurofeedback; SC, sham control; PAF, peak alpha frequency.
a
χ2 = 0.13, p = 0.72, b t = 0.65, p = 0.52, cMann–Whitney U = 83, p = 0.53. **p < 0.01;***p < 0.001.