Table 5. Proximate and ultimate analysis of biosolid samples on a dry basis.
Average +/- st dev. HHV (higher heating value), LHV (lower heating value), Madurai AV (Avaniyapuram) and SK (Sakki Magalam).
| Madurai-AV | Madurai-SK | Coimbatore | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Samples | N = 4 | N = 4 | N = 9 |
| Total Solids (%) | 18.2 ± 1.6 | 16.5 ± 0.7 | 18.9 ± 2.4 |
| Proximate Analysis | N = 4 | N = 3 | N = 4 |
| Ash (%) | 48.3 ± 0.1 | 47.4 ± 9.3 | 47.9 ± 4.3 |
| Volatile Matter (%) | 46. 6 ± 2.8 | 47.5 ± 5.8 | 45.7 ± 0.8 |
| Fixed Carbon (%) | 4.1 ± 3.1 | 3.7 ± 3.5 | 4.0 ± 4.5 |
| HHV [Meas] (MJ/kg) | 10.0 ± 0.5 | 12.2 ± 1.6 | 11.0 ± 0.6 |
| Sulfur (%) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 |
| Ultimate Analysis | N = 4 | N = 3 | N = 4 |
| Carbon as C (%) | 26.2 ± 0.1 | 33.4 ± 0.6 | 29.0 ± 1.3 |
| Hydrogen as H (%) | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.3 |
| Nitrogen as N (%) | 3.5 ± 0.0 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.1 |
| Oxygen as O (%) | 17.0 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 8.2 | 15.5 ± 3.0 |
| Sulfur as S (%) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
| HHV [Eq 1] (MJ/kg) | 10.5 ± 0.2 | 14.7 ± 0.1 | 11.9 ± 0.6 |
| HHV [Eq 2] (MJ/kg) | 10.0 ± 0.1 | 12.5 ± 0.6 | 10.9 ± 0.7 |
| LHV [Equ 3] (MJ/kg) | 9.1 ± 0.5 | 11.2 ± 1.5 | 10.1 ± 0.6 |