Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV2 with rheumatic disease
| Survivors (n = 28) | Deceased (n = 10) | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75.1 (69.3–75.8) | 78.4 (74.5–83.5) | 0.03 | |
| Age > 65 years | 25 (66%) | 9 (90%) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 39% | 70% | 3.6 (0.77–17.0) | 0.11 |
| Female | 61% | 30% | ||
| Rheumatological diagnosis | ||||
| RA | 11 (39%) | 5 (50%) | 0.56 | |
| PMR | 6 (21%) | 2 (20%) | 0.92 | |
| SLE | 4 (14%) | 1 (10%) | 0.73 | |
| PA | 3 (11%) | - | 0.49 | |
| AS | 1 (4%) | 1 (10%) | 0.45 | |
| GCA | 2 (7%) | - | 0.67 | |
| Sjogren | 1 (4%) | - | 0.94 | |
| LSS | 1 (4%) | - | 0.94 | |
| Rheumatological treatment | ||||
| Glucocorticoids | 18 (64%) | 4 (40%) | ||
| Weekly dosage (mg) | 11.25 (5–20) mg | 18.75 (8.75-27.5) mg | 0.37 (0.08–1.63) | 0.19 |
| Conventional synthetic | ||||
| DMARDs (csDMARDs) | 12 (43%) | 5 (50%) | 1.33 (0.31–5.67) | 0.69 |
| Methotrexate | 9 (32%) | 5 (50%) | 0.32 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 7 (25%) | - | 0.19 | |
| Leflunomide | 1 (4%) | - | 0.94 | |
| Azathioprine | 1 (4%) | - | 0.94 | |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 1 (4%) | - | 0.94 | |
| Biological DMARDs | 0 (0%) | 2 (20%) | 16.76 (0.73–384.07) | 0.07 |
| Abatacept | - | 1 (10%) | ||
| Rituximab | - | 1 (10%) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Arterial hypertension | 14 (50%) | 9 (90%) | 9 (1–80.8) | 0.049 |
| Diabetes | 6 (21%) | 9 (90%) | 33 (3.46–314.55) | 0.002 |
| Hyperuricemia | 5 (18%) | 3 (30%) | 1.97 (0.37–10.39) | 0.42 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 12 (43%) | 9 (90%) | 12 (1.33–108.03) | 0.03 |
| CD | 11 (39%) | 8 (80%) | 6.18 (1.1–34.7) | 0.04 |
| ILD | 6 (21%) | 6 (60%) | 5.5 (1.16–26.0) | 0.03 |
| Rheumatic disease activity | ||||
| Remission | 6 (21%) | 1 (10%) | 2.44 (0.52–11.57) | 0.26 |
| Low/minimal | 15 (54%) | 3 (30%) | 0.37 (0.07–1.74) | 0.21 |
| Moderate/high/severe | 7 (25%) | 6 (60%) | 4.5 (0.97–20.7) | 0.04 |
| Mean hospitalization (days) | 9.9 (6–14) | 13.2 (8–18) | - | 0.02 |
| Symptoms before admission | ||||
| Dyspnoea | 19 (68%) | 8 (80%) | 4 (0.74–21.35) | 0.11 |
| Cough | 19 (68%) | 6 (60%) | 1.5 (0.36–6.18) | 0.57 |
| Fever | 12 (43%) | 7 (70%) | 3.1(0.66–14.59) | 0.15 |
| Diarrhoea | 6 (21%) | 1 (10%) | 0.41 (0.04–3.88) | 0.44 |
| Vomit | 5 (18%) | - | 0.20 (0.01–4.03) | 0.29 |
| Myalgia | 3 (11%) | - | 0.35 (0.02–7.32) | 0.49 |
| Odynophagia | 3 (11%) | - | 0.35 (0.02–7.32) | 0.49 |
| Dysgeusia | 3 (11%) | - | 0.35 (0.02–7.32) | 0.49 |
| Laboratorial findings at arrival | ||||
| CRP, mg/L | 107.4 (IQR 30–150) | 181. 14 (IQR 120–220) | - | 0.05 |
| LDH, UI/L | 361 (IQR 250–450) | 641.8 (IQR 465.75–853.5) | - | 0.03 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 861.3 (IQR 389–1490.5) | 1026 (IQR 228.3–1536.3) | - | 0.04 |
| D-dimer, g/mL | 1544.3 (IQR 619–1622) | 12,019.8 (IQR 843.5–25,790.5) | - | 0.04 |
| Lymphocytes, 109 per L | 966 (IQR 445–965) | 899.8 (IQR 457.5–1375) | - | 0.245 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 642 (IQR 511–797) | 614 (IQR 511–682) | - | 0.113 |
| Serum transaminases, UI/L | 25% patients had moderate-high elevation (2-3x the normal level of AST and ALT) | 30% patients had moderate-high elevation (2-3x the normal level of AST and ALT) | - | - |
| Radiological findings | ||||
| Unilateral interstitial abnormalities | 13 (46%) | 1 (10%) | 0.12 (0.01–1.15) | 0.067 |
| Bilateral interstitial abnormalities | 6 (21%) | 3 (30%) | 1.57 (0.31–7.98) | 0.59 |
| Alveolar/Interstitial/ground-glass abnormalities | 9 (32%) | 6 (60%) | 3.17 (0.71–14.09) | 0.13 |
| Complications during hospitalization | ||||
| ARDS | - | 2 (20%) | 16.76 (0.73–384.07) | 0.078 |
| Pleural effusion | 2 (7%) | 3 (30%) | 5.57 (0.77–40.12) | 0.088 |
| Acute renal failure | 2 (7%) | 1 (10%) | 1.44 (0.12–17.90) | 0.77 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | - | 2 (20%) | 16.76 (0.73–384.07) | 0.078 |
| Heart failure | 2 (7%) | 1 (10%) | 1.44 (0.12–17.90) | 0.088 |
| Heart arrhythmia | 2 (7%) | 1 (10%) | 1.44 (0.12–17.90) | 0.088 |
| Sepsis | 1 (4%) | 2 (20%) | 6.75 (0.54–84.47) | 0.139 |
| Hyperinflammation | 2 (7%) | 3 (30%) | 5.57 (0.77–40.12) | 0.088 |
| None | 21 (75%) | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV2 treatment | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 23 (82%) | 8 (80%) | 0.89 (0.14–5.40) | 0.88 |
| Chloroquine | 6 (21%) | 1 (10%) | 0.41 (0.04–3.88) | 0.44 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 25 (89%) | 9 (90%) | 1.08 (0.09–11.76) | 0.063 |
| Antibiotics | 28 (100%) | 10 (100%) | 0.36 (0.007–19.78) | 0.63 |
| Glucocorticoids | 10 (36%) | 10 (100%) | 37 (1.96–697.39) | 0.02 |
| Tocilizumab | 1 (4%) | 2 (20%) | 6.75 (0.54–84.47) | 0.14 |
| Need for ICU | 1(4%) | 2 (20%) | 6.75 (0.54–84.47) | 0.139 |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%)
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, PMR polymyalgia rheumatica, AS ankylosing spondylitis, PA psoriatic arthritis, GCA giant cell arthritis, RA rheumatoid arthritis, LSS limited systemic sclerosis, DMARDs disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, ADRS acute distress respiratory syndrome, CD cardiovascular disease, ILD interstitial lung disease