Table 5.

Association of potential clinical risk factors with NAION in case-control studies published to date

Study (first author)	Cases/controlsa	Diabetes mellitus	Systemic hypertension	Dyslipidemia/hypercholesterolemia	Ischemic heart disease	Cerebrovascular disease
Present study	72/72	no association	No association	no association	p = 0.1898 p = 0.0038b	p = 0.0059
Talks [55], 1995	41/41	no association	no association	p < 0.05	no association	p < 0.001
Jacobson [9], 1997	51/51	p = 0.01	no association	no association	no association	NA
Salomon [10], 1999	61/90	p = 0.034	no association	p = 0.011	p = 0.007	no association
Weger [11], 2001	59/59	p = 0.0263	p = 0.0245	NA	no association	no association
Deramo [12], 2003	37/74	p = 0.027	no association	p = 0.036	NA	NA
Nagy [19], 2006	37/81	no association	no association	p =0.012	no association	NA
Hayreh [13], 2007	624/c	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	NA	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001
Giambene [18], 2009	85/107	no association	p < 0.0001	p = 0.01	NA	NA
Felekis [40], 2010	77/60	no association	no association	no association	NA	NA
Kim [15], 2017	45/45	p = 0.020	no association	p = 0.001	NA	NA

NA, data not available; NAION, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

^aAge- and sex-matched.

^bIncludes coronary or ischemic heart disease and other pathologies that affect the heart such as arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, and hypertensive heart disease.

^cRace-, sex-, age-, and period-matched subgroup of the US population.