Table 3.

Review of cell therapy experiments

Reference	Cell type	Gene type	CL1 (ms)	I f density at −70 mV (pA/pF)	Co-cultured subject	CL2(ms)
Kehat et al., 2004	Human ESCs		1351
Xue et al., 2005	Human ESCs				Neonatal rat VMs	1224
					Adult guinea pig heart	740
Saito et al., 2015	Mouse ESCs	HCN4	724
Ionta et al., 2015	Mouse ESCs	Shox2	192	−1.80	Rat heart with complete heart block	1416
Potapova et al., 2004	Human MSCs	Mouse HCN2		−7.90	Canine VMs	983
					Neonatal rat VMs	372
Plotnikov et al., 2007	Human MSCs	Mouse HCN2		−7.12	Canine heart	1153
Bruzauskaite et al., 2016	Human BMSCs	Mouse HCN2	Non*	−3.15
Zhou et al., 2007	Rabbit BMSCs	Human HCN2			Cardiac myocytes	402
Zhou et al., 2013	Rabbit MSCs	Human HCN1			Neonatal rabbit VMs	465
Zhang et al., 2013	Porcine BMSCs	Human HCN4		−1.26	Porcine VMs	1224
Planat-Benard et al., 2004	Mouse ADSCs		909
Yang et al., 2016	ADSCs	TBX18	Non*	−5.30	Neonatal rat VMs	800
Chen et al., 2017	ADSCs	TBX18	181
Ruhparwar et al., 2002	Fetal atrial CMs				Canine left VMs	710±30# (n=2)
Zhang et al., 2011	Sino atrial nodes				Canine right ventricle	1200
Chauveau et al., 2017	Human iPSCs		435	−24.50	Canine VMs	1395

ESCs: embryonic stem cells; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs: bone marrow stem cells; ADSCs: adipose-derived stem cells; CMs: cardiac myocytes; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; HCN: hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated; HCN1/2/4: HCN channel 1/2/4; TBX18: transcription factor T-box 18; CL: cycle length; I _f: funny current; pA/pF: unit of current density, (10⁻¹² A)/(10⁻¹² F); VMs: ventricular myocytes.

¹CL of pacemaker cell;

²CL of co-cultured cell.

^*No auto-rhythm was observed on that occasion;

^#Data are expressed as mean±standard error of the mean (SEM)