Table 2.

General characteristics of the 100 participants.

Age (years)	58 ± 14
Male gender, n (%)	46 (46%)
Race-ethnicity, n (%)
White	39 (39%)
African Brazilian	61 (61%)
Height (cm)	164 ± 9
Weight (kg)	74.9 ± 15.1
Body mass index (kg/m2)	27.3 ± 5.4
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.61 (1.08–2.33)
Serum cystatin C (mg/L)	1.65 (1.11–2.45)
Primary renal disease, n (%)
Hypertension	31 (31%)
Diabetes	19 (19%)
Chronic glomerulonephritis	13 (13%)
Lupus nephritis	9 (9%)
Chronic pyelonephritis	7 (7%)
Polycystic kidney	4 (4%)
Others	17 (17%)

Values are expressed as frequency, mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range).