1 |
Transient left ventricular dysfunction (hypokinesia, akinesia, dyskinesia), manifests as apical ballooning or mid-ventricular, basal or focal wall motion abnormality, which usually extend beyond a single epicardial vascular distribution. Right ventricular involvement can be present |
2 |
A mental, physical or mixed cause can precede the event of Takotsubo syndrome but this is not necessary |
3 |
Takotsubo syndrome can be caused by neurological conditions (e.g. subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke/transient ischemic attack, or seizures) as well as pheochromocytoma |
4 |
Electrocardiogram changes (elevation or depression of the ST-segment, inversion of the T-wave and prolongation of the QTc); however, there are unusual cases without electrocardiogram changes |
5 |
Elevation of cardiac biomarkers (troponin and creatine kinase) |
6 |
Significant coronary artery disease could also be present in Takotsubo syndrome |
7 |
Exclusion of acute myocarditis, in this case cardiovascular magnetic resonance is recommended |
8 |
The pathology is common in postmenopausal women are predominantly affected |