Table 3.
Incidence rate of arrhythmia in coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions
| Year |
Tachyarrhythmias required interventions |
Bradycar-dias, asystole, and conduction distur-bance (%) | Procedure types | Study designs (incidence/ total subjects) | Ref. | |||||
|
Ventricular arrhythmia |
Atrial arrhythmia (%) | |||||||||
| VF (%) | VT (%) | VA (%) | Overall (%) | |||||||
| 1967 | 1.3 | N/R | N/R | 1.3 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center (Sones) 84/6400 | McGuire et al[85] | |
| 1968 | 1.33 | N/R | N/R | 1.33 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Meta-analysis (5/535; 22/1500) | Takaro et al[86] | |
| 1968 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Multicenter, CASS registry 23/3312 | Ross et al[87] | |
| 1970 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 9/75 | Gau et al[29] | |
| 1972 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | 0.22 | 0 | 0.22% | CAG | Single center 1/445 | Green et al[88] | |
| 1973 | 1.281 | 1.28 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Multicenter, survey; 600/46904 | Adams et al[89] | |||
| 1975 | 1.14 | 0 | 0 | 1.14 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center, 4/351 | Shah et al[90] | |
| 1976 | 0.36 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.8 | 0.19 | 0.24 | CAG | Single center 19/5250 VF; 6/5250 VT; 17/5250 VA | Bourassa et al[37] | |
| 1976 | 1.01 | N/R | N/R | 1.01 | N/R | 0.46 | CAG | Single center 11/1094 | Nitter-Hauge et al[91] | |
| 1976 | 1.5 | N/R | N/R | 1.5 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 22/1500 | Pridie et al[92] | |
| 1979 | 0.63 | 0 | 0 | 0.63 | 0 | 4.3 | CAG | Multicenter registry 48/7553 | Davis et al[93] | |
| 1979 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | CAG | Single center 10/10000 | Vijay et al[38] | |
| 1983 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0 | 2.1 | N/R | N/R | PTCA | Registry 24/1500 VF; 8/1500 VT | Dorros et al[30] | |
| 1984 | 0.51 | 0.5 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 39/7915 | Nishimura et al[39] | |||
| 1985 | 1.7 | 1.7 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 66/3906 | Lehmann et al[94] | |||
| 1985 | 0.78a | 0.78 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 63/8081 | Murdock et al[95] | |||
| 1987 | 1.28 | N/R | N/R | 1.28 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 26/2025 | Arrowood et al[96] | |
| 1989 | 0.27 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.03 | CAG | Single center 11/3656 | Armstrong et al[97] | |
| 1989 | 1.71 | 0 | 1.7 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 11/648 | Lehmann et al[98] | ||
| 1990 | 1 | 1.0 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center, 2 cohorts | Missri et al[64] | |||
| 0.4 | 0.4 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Renografin-76 (20/2000) vs Isovue-370 (8/2000) | |||||
| 1990 | 0.54 | 0.54 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Multicenter, CASS registry (108/20142) | Epstein et al[40] | |||
| 1991 | 2.06 | 2.06 | N/R | N/R | PTCA | Single center, (19/922) | Brennan et al[32] | |||
| 1991 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | PTCA | Iopamidol (6/507, 1.2%) | Single center, double blinded, RCT | Lembo et al[33] |
| 0.7 | 2.0 | 0 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | Diatrizoate (15/551, 2.7%) | ||||
| 2002 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | N/R | N/R | PTCA | Single center 19/905 | Huang et al[99] | |
| 2004 | 4.3 | 4.3 | N/R | N/R | PTCA | Multicenter, PTCA (133/3065, PAMI study, STEMI | Mehta et al[35] | |||
| 2005 | 0.84 | N/R | N/R | 0.84 | N/R | N/R | PTCA | Single center, (164/19497) | Addala et al[31] | |
| 2008 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.13 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 24/18365 | Chen et al[100] | |
| 2009 | 0.1 | N/R | N/R | 0.1 | N/R | N/R | CAG | Single center 27/27798 (radial 0.076%, femoral 0.147%) | Chen et al[101] | |
| 2017 | 4.1 | N/R | 4.1 | N/R | N/R | PCI | Multicenter, APPROACH trial, 158/3814 STEMI | Har et al[36] | ||
| Summary | Total reported CAG cases: 163090; total of 1260 with overall VT/VF/VA rate 0.77% for diagnostic CAG. | |||||||||
| Total reported non-AMI PTCA cases: 2388; total of 255 VT/VF with VT/VF rate 1.1% for PTCA. | ||||||||||
1
Ventricular fibrillation and sustained ventricular arrhythmias were reported together. VF: Ventricular fibrillation; VT: Ventricular tachycardia; VA: Ventricular arrest (asystole); CAG: Coronary arteriography or angiography; PTCA: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; STEMI: ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. N/R: Not reported.