Table 4.
Results of Cox proportional hazards regression analyses predicting initiation of cigarette use
| Model 1 HR (95% CI) |
Model 2 HR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Importance of religiona | ||
| Black girls | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 1.26 (0.87–1.85) |
| White girls | 0.46 (0.36–0.58) | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) |
| Race: Black compared to Whiteb | ||
| Initiation of cigarette smoking ≤ age 14 | 0.48 (0.33–0.71) | 0.21 (0.13–0.34) |
| Initiation of cigarette smoking ≥ age 15 | 0.28 (0.18–0.44) | |
| Socioeconomic status indicators | ||
| Household receipt of public assistance | – | 1.18 (0.97–1.43) |
| Single parent headed household | – | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) |
| Primary caregiver education < 12 years | – | 1.06 (0.83–1.34) |
| Neighborhood factors | ||
| Low neighborhood safety | – | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) |
| Community cohesion | – | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) |
| Neighborhood physical disorderb | – | |
| Initiation of cigarette smoking ≤ age 14 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | |
| Initiation of cigarette smoking ≥ age 15 | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | |
| Low parental monitoring | ––- | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) |
| Conduct problems | ––- | 1.30 (1.27–1.34) |
Model 1: importance of religion and race; Model 2: addition of socioeconomic status indicators, neighborhood factors, low parental monitoring, and conduct problems
Bold indicates statistically significant at p < 0.05
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
a
Separate estimates generated for Black and White girls, given significant interaction with race
b
Risk period split to adjust for proportional hazards violations in Model 2