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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 27.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2016 May 5;136(7):1316–1318. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.04.019

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Autophagy and its initiation. (A) A schematic representation of the stages of autophagy. (B) A schematic representation of the initial steps in autophagy involving the formation of an isolation membrane. In this process, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) complex activates the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) complex (VPS34/Beclin1/ATG14L). VPS34-derived PI3P recruits double FYVE-containing protein 1 (DFCP1/ZFYVE1) and WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting 1 (WIPI1) to the outer membrane of autophagosomes, which causes the association of the ATG5/ATG12 conjugate with ATG16L1. The ATG5/ATG12/ATG16L1 complex then adds phosphatidylethanolamine group (PE) to the C-terminus of the microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein promoting the elongation of the isolation membrane and autophagosome formation.