Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
| Variables | Patient (n = 20) |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 58.2 ± 10.3 |
| Sex, male | 15 (75%) |
| Hypertension | 7 (35%) |
| Diabetes | 3 (15%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (5%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 6 (30%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4 (20%) |
| Stroke/CVA | 2 (10%) |
| Valvular heart disease | 5 (25%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 19 (95%) |
| Previous atrial ablation | 16 (80%) |
| Mean number of ablations | 2.3 ± 3.0 |
| Surgery for structural heart disease (VHD/CHD) | 9 (45%) |
| Smoking | 3 (15%) |
| Alcohol | 4 (20%) |
| LVEF, % | 59.6 ± 9.4 |
| LAD, mm | 45.7 ± 9.6 |
Abbreviations: CHD, congenital heart disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; VHD, valvular heart disease.