TABLE 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Participants |
All N = 266 |
Training set N = 153 (58%) |
Validation set N = 113 (42%) |
P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male) | 196 (74%) | 113 (74%) | 83 (74%) | .941 |
| Age (years) | 54.6 ± 10.9 | 56.2 ± 10.1 | 52.5 ± 11.7 | .006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (±5.0) | 26.6 ± 5.1 | 26.8 ± 4.9 | .834 |
| Smoking (current) | 157 (59%) | 93 (61%) | 64 (57%) | .610 |
| Alcohol history | ||||
| Heavy drinking ≥ 10 years | 159 (64%) | 105 (69%) | 54 (48%) | .040 |
| Abstinent at inclusion | 138 (42%) | 74 (48.3%) | 64 (57%) | .158 |
| Daily alcohol intake in active drinkers (beverage/day) | 5.9 ± 11.3 | 4.7 ± 5.6 | 7.9 ± 16.8 | .121 |
| Histological features | ||||
| Biopsy length (mm) | 30.5 (±9.6) | 30.5 (±9.6) | 30.5 (±9.6) | |
| Fibrosis stage (F0/F1/F2/F3/F4) | 32/93/79/17/45 | 15//50/46/14/28 | 17/43/33/3/17 | |
| Lobular inflammation grade (0/1/2/3) | 71/115/60/20 | 46/50/39/18 | 25/65/21/2 | |
| Ballooning grade (0/1/2) | 137/80/49 | 72/46/35 | 65/34/14 | |
| Steatosis grade (0/1/2/3) | 137/57/51/18 | 84/30/29/10 | 53/27/22/8 | |
| Steatohepatitis | 76 (28.6%) | 51 (50%) | 25 (22.1%) | .045 |
| NAFLD activity score | 2.59(±2.08) | 2.72 (±2.33) | 2.43(±1.71) | .156 |
| TE | 15.4 (±18.9) | 17.6 (±20.7) | 12.6 (±16.0) | .037 |
| Paraclinical status | ||||
| MFAP4 (U/L) | 59.5 (±47.0) | 69.0 (±52.5) | 46.6 (±33.4) | .000 |
| ALT (U/L) | 40.2 (±37.0) | 39.1 (±31.3) | 41.8 (±43.9) | .559 |
| AST (U/L) | 47.7 (±41.1) | 49.1 (±39.4) | 45.6 (±43.6) | .249 |
| GGT (U/L) | 204.1 (±359.7) | 236.8 (±401.9) | 158.6 (±286.6) | .082 |
| AP (U/L) | 106.8 (±57.4) | 115.1 (±63.0) | 94.6 (±46.0) | .004 |
| INR (U/L) | 1.02 (±0.14) | 1.03 (±0.14) | 1.00 (±0.12) | .108 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40.5 (±4.9) | 40.0 (±5.42) | 41.2 (±4.0) | .022 |
Counts are presented as N (%), continuous data are presented as mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TE, transient elastography; MFAP4, human microfibrillar‐associated protein 4; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; GGT, gamma‐glutamyl transferase; AP, alkaline phosphatase; INR, international normalized ratio.