FIGURE 4.

The number of chondrocytes and their shape in ethmoid plate were affected by teratogen treatment. A–N, The ethmoid plate was dissected from Alcian blue‐stained samples and was flat‐mounted. Anterior is to the top. A′–N′, Magnified view of chondrocytes in the ethmoid plate in the region indicated by the boxed area in A–N. O, The region in which cell counts were determined in the ethmoid plate and the definitions of the length and width of the chondrocytes used for the cell shape analysis. The orientation of longest cell axis was measured to quantify chondrocyte stacking. P, The number of chondrocytes in half of the ethmoid plate was counted (n = 5). Q, The length/width ratio of the chondrocytes in Figure 5A′–N′ was measured (at least 60 cells were measured per group, n = 3). R, The chondrocyte orientation was indicated by rose plot (at least 60 cells were measured per group, n = 3). Orientation was significantly differed from that of control and vehicle control (Watson's U² test; *P < .05, **P < .01). One‐way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison tests were performed for statistical analysis of chondrocyte number and shape (*P < .05, **P < .01). Scale bars: 50 μm in A–N, 5 μm in A′–N′