TABLE 1.
Key indicators of very late first births in selected low‐fertility countries
| TFR per 10,000 women | First birth rate per 10,000 women | Second birth rate per 10,000 women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Year | Mean age at first birth | Age 48–59 | Age 40–59 | Age 48–59 | Age 40–59 | Age 48–59 |
| Austria | 1955 | 25.0 | 5.5 | 85.3 | 0.5 | 146.0 | 0.6 |
| 1975 | 23.6 | 2.1 | 42.4 | 0.4 | 64.7 | 0.7 | |
| 1995 | 25.7 | 0.8 | 32.9 | 0.0 | 42.9 | 0.2 | |
| 2015 | 29.2 | 5.3 | 178.5 | 2.5 | 183.7 | 1.6 | |
| Denmark | 1955 | ‐ | 2.8 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| 1975 | 23.9 | 0.7 | 22.0 | 0.1 | 30.8 | 0.0 | |
| 1995 | 27.2 | 0.2 | 45.0 | 0.0 | 76.1 | 0.1 | |
| 2015 | 29.2 | 3.7 | 140.4 | 1.0 | 197.6 | 0.7 | |
| Hungary | 1955 | 23.4 | 5.6 | 61.6 | 1.0 | 97.0 | 0.5 |
| 1975 | 22.6 | 0.9 | 21.3 | 0.2 | 33.8 | 0.2 | |
| 1995 | 23.8 | 1.1 | 19.2 | 0.2 | 29.3 | 0.2 | |
| 2015 | 27.9 | 1.9 | 116.5 | 1.0 | 147.4 | 0.4 | |
| Italy | 1955 | 25.8 | 7.6 | 81.8 | 0.2 | 119.4 | 0.3 |
| 1975 | 24.7 | 3.8 | 79.8 | 0.2 | 115.8 | 0.2 | |
| 1995 | 28.1 | 0.8 | 73.0 | 0.3 | 105.4 | 0.5 | |
| 2015 | 30.8 | 13.3 | 318.7 | 9.3 | 353.0 | 4.9 | |
| Japan | 1955 | ‐ | 7.3 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| 1975 | 25.7 | 0.3 | 27.0 | 0.1 | 27.9 | 0.0 | |
| 1995 | 27.8 | 0.2 | 36.0 | 0.0 | 44.2 | 0.0 | |
| 2015 | 30.0 | 1.5 | 222.4 | 1.0 | 211.2 | 0.3 | |
| Netherlands | 1955 | 26.2 | 9.9 | 79.6 | 0.2 | 134.5 | 0.5 |
| 1975 | 25.2 | 2.2 | 24.2 | 0.2 | 43.2 | 0.3 | |
| 1995 | 28.4 | 3.1 | 54.5 | 0.8 | 73.5 | 0.3 | |
| 2015 | 29.7 | 4.2 | 152.1 | 2.1 | 168.5 | 0.9 | |
| Norway | 1955 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| 1975 | 23.5 | 0.5 | 25.7 | 0.3 | 52.5 | 0.0 | |
| 1995 | 26.3 | 0.4 | 44.7 | 0.1 | 81.2 | 0.0 | |
| 2014 | 28.7 | 7.4 | 140.3 | 1.2 | 205.3 | 0.8 | |
| Spain | 1955 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| 1975 | 25.1 | 16.3 | 90.5 | 1.9 | 126.1 | 1.0 | |
| 1996 | 28.4 | 1.3 | 59.8 | 0.5 | 74.2 | 0.3 | |
| 2015 | 30.7 | 10.1 | 335.6 | 5.8 | 345.9 | 2.9 | |
| Sweden | 1955 | ‐ | 3.7 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| 1975 | 24.3 | 1.0 | 27.2 | 0.1 | 38.2 | 0.0 | |
| 1995 | 27.2 | 1.0 | 63.8 | 0.3 | 100.8 | 0.2 | |
| 2015 | 29.2 | 10.1 | 189.6 | 2.6 | 250.2 | 2.0 | |
| United States | 1935 | 23.4 | 13.2 | 30.4 | 0.4 | 41.6 | 0.3 |
| 1955 | 22.8 | 4.7 | 54.5 | 0.4 | 87.1 | 0.2 | |
| 1975 | 22.8 | 0.8 | 15.5 | 0.0 | 22.4 | 0.0 | |
| 1995 | 24.6 | 1.3 | 70.1 | 0.3 | 87.8 | 0.3 | |
| 2015 | 27.0 | 8.3 | 133.3 | 2.8 | 165.6 | 2.1 | |
NOTE: ‐ = not available. TFR at age 48–59 corresponds to the sum of ASFR from age 48 to 59; likewise for the other indicators. In Hungary and Spain only, the last age is 55. In the United States for the years 1975 and 1995, we cover only births up to age 50. First and second birth rates at age 48–59 are smoothed over the two surrounding years (e.g., 2014–2016 for 2015). For Spain, in 1955, fertility after age 45 is not available by age but by age groups in the original data used for the construction of the Human Fertility Database rates, so we cannot show it; there is also a problem in the classification by birth order between 1980 and 1995, so we show 1996 here. Sums of ASFR, ASFR1, and ASFR2 at aged 48–59 for all the countries available in the Human Fertility Database are provided in the online Supporting Information.
SOURCE: Human Fertility Database, Human Fertility Collection for Austria, IStat for Italy.