Figure 1.

The betalain biosynthetic pathway. A schematic showing the enzymatic and spontaneous reactions that form the specialised metabolites, betalains. The focus of this study is l‐DOPA 4,5‐dioxygenase (DODA; highlighted in red) which catalyses the formation of betalamic acid, the core chromophore of betalain pigments, from l ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA). This figure was adapted from Timoneda et al. (2019).