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. 2020 Jul 27;13:103. doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-00924-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Design and mechanism of homo-PROTACs and light-controllable PROTACs. a Design and mechanism of homo-PROTACs. A homo-PROTAC is consisted of two E3 ligase ligand molecules connected via a linker. Homo-PROTAC recruits an E3 ligase molecule to another E3 ligase molecule followed by bidirectional polyubiquitination of E3 ligase molecules and subsequent degradation of the E3 ligase by the proteasome. b Design and mechanism of light-controllable PROTACs. In a light-controllable PROTAC, a photo-removable group is attached to the POI ligand or E3 ligand or linker. Upon light irradiation, the photo-removable group is detached from the light-controllable PROTAC converting it to an active PROTAC for the proteasomal degradation of POI