Table 1.
Study characteristics
| First author (Year) | Study design | City (country) | Male (%) | Age (median, years) | Settings | PE diagnosis | D-dimer (median, mg/dL) | Prophylactic anticoagulation (%) | Mechanical ventilation (%) | ARDS (%) | Overall mortality (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia | |||||||||||
| Wang Y (2020) [2] | RCT (remdesivir group) | Beijing (China) | 56 | 66 | Inpatient | NA | NA | NA | 7 | 10 | 15 |
| Wang Y (2020) [2] | RCT (placebo group) | Beijing (China) | 65 | 64 | Inpatient | NA | NA | NA | 13 | 8 | 13 |
| America | |||||||||||
| Riker RR (2020) [3] | Case series | Portland (USA) | NA | NA | Inpatient (ICU) | CTPA | NA | NA | 100 | 100 | NA |
| LeBrun DG (2020) [4] | Retrospective cohort | New York (USA) | 33 | 87* | Inpatient (ICU, ward) | NA | NA | NA | 33 | NA | 56 |
| Europe | |||||||||||
| Wichmann D (2020) [5] | Case series | Hamburg (Germany) | 75 | 73 | Mortuary | Autopsy | 90.4 | 33 | 33 | NA | 100 |
| Klok FA (2020) [6] | Retrospective cohort | Leiden (Netherlands) | 76 | 64* | Inpatient (ICU) | CTPA | NA | 100 | NA | NA | 22 |
| Llitjos JF (2020) [7] | Retrospective cohort | Pairs (France) | 77 | 68 | Inpatient (ICU) | CDU | 1.8 | 31 | 100 | 81 | 12 |
| Helms J (2020) [8] | Prospective cohort | Strasbourg (France) | 81 | 63 | Inpatient (ICU) | CTPA | 2.3 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 9 |
| Menter T (2020) [9] | Retrospective cohort | Basel (Switzerland) | 81 | 76* | Mortuary | Autopsy | 4.0 | NA | 30 | NA | 100 |
| Florian Bompard (2020) [10] | Retrospective cohort | Paris (France) | 70 | 64 | Inpatient, outpatient | CTPA | 1.6 | 53 | 13 | NA | 12 |
| Hékimian G (2020) [11] | Retrospective cohort | Paris (France) | NA | NA | Inpatient (ICU) | CTPA or autopsy | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Artifoni M (2020) [12] | Retrospective cohort | Nantes (France) | 61 | 64 | Inpatient (ICU, ward) | CTPA | 0.8 | 99 | 11 | NA | NA |
| Fraissé M (2020) [13] | Retrospective cohort | Argenteuil (France) | 79 | 61 | Inpatient (ICU) | CDU | 2.4 | 47 | 89 | NA | 41 |
| Thomas W (2020) [14] | Retrospective cohort | Cambridge (UK) | 69 |
20–29: 2% 30–39: 5% 40–49: 13% 50–59: 29% 60–69: 22% 70–79: 27% 80–89: 3% |
Inpatient (ICU) | CTPA | 0.4 | NA | 83 | NA | 16 |
| Lodigiani C (2020) [15] | Retrospective cohort | Milano (Italy) | 68 | 66 | Inpatient (ICU, ward) | CTPA |
Survivors: Day 1–3: 0.4 Day 4–6: 0.4 Day 7–9: 0.5 Non-survivors: Day 1–3: 0.9 Day 4–6: 0.9 Day 7–9: 1.5 |
79 | NA | NA | 26 |
| Poissy J (2020) [16] | Case series | Lille (France) | NA | NA | Inpatient (ICU) | CTPA | NA | NA | 63 | 63 | 14 |
| Gervaise A (2020) [17] | Retrospective cohort | Saint Mande Cedex (France) | 75 | 62* | Outpatient | CTPA | 3.6* | NA | 57 | NA | 15 |
| Longchamp A (2020) [18] | Case series | Sion (Switzerland) | 64 | 68* | Inpatient | CTPA | 2.1 | 96 | 92 | NA | 20 |
| Leonard-Lorant I (2020) [19] | Retrospective cohort | Strasbourg (France) | 66 | 64 | Inpatient (ICU, ward) | CTPA |
PE: 15.4 Non-PE: 1.9 |
46 | NA | NA | NA |
| Grillet F (2020) [20] | Retrospective cohort | Besancon (France) | 70 | 66* | Inpatient (ICU, ward) | CTPA | NA | NA | 34 | NA | NA |
*In studies not reporting the median, results are represented by the mean
CDU complete duplex ultrasound, CTPA CT pulmonary angiography, ICU intensive care unit, NA not available, PE pulmonary embolism, RCT randomized controlled trial