Table 2.
Summary statistics
| State polio sample | Mean | SD | Min. | Max. | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in 1916 | 9.635 | 6.332 | 0 | 21 | 166,613 |
| Years of education, 1940 | 9.660 | 3.245 | 0 | 17 | 166,613 |
| Polio rate 1916, per 1000 | 0.292 | 0.415 | 0.003 | 1.376 | 166,613 |
| Doctors per capita, 1916 | 0.001 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 166,613 |
| Educ. Expend. Per capita, 1916 | 60.807 | 20.641 | 14.359 | 126.338 | 166,613 |
| Mfg. Wage per wage earner, 1916 | 7781.684 | 1047.299 | 4840.915 | 12,095.155 | 166,613 |
| Population 1916, Census imputed | 4129.691 | 2877.732 | 173.150 | 9856.607 | 166,613 |
| Flu deaths 1918, per 1000 | 5.959 | 1.628 | 3.893 | 8.831 | 115,543 |
| Flu deaths 1919, per 1000 | 2.239 | 0.273 | 1.669 | 2.915 | 115,543 |
| County polio sample | Mean | SD | Min. | Max. | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in 1916 | 9.233 | 6.355 | 0 | 21 | 26,341 |
| Years of education, 1940 | 9.932 | 2.989 | 0 | 17 | 26,341 |
| Polio rate 1916, per 1000 | 1.610 | 3.746 | 0.018 | 30.253 | 26,341 |
Information on individuals comes from the 1% sample of the 1940 Census from IPUMS (Ruggles et al. 2019). State-level polio morbidity is sourced from Lavinder et al. (1918). Influenza mortality comes from Garrett (2008), the United States Bureau of the Census (1921), and the United States Bureau of the Census (1922). Adriana Lleras-Muney provides information on doctors per capita, educational expenditure per capita, manufacturing wages and population in 1916