Table 2.

Postoperative Outcomes Associated With Pyuria, Stratified by Surgical Specialty

	Pyuria,a aOR (95% CI)	Pyuria Adjusted for Antibiotic Initiation,a aOR (95% CI)	Antibiotic Initiation,b aOR (95% CI)
Cardiac surgery
SSI	1.23 (.72–2.11)	1.22 (.70–2.12)	1.05 (.58–1.88)
C. difficile	1.7 6 (1.02–3.05)	1.40 (.79–2.48)	2.56 (1.56–4.21)
Orthopedic total joint replacements
SSI	0.95 (.62–1.45)	0.87 (.56–1.34)	1.46 (.95–2.24)
UTI	1.50 (1.10 – 2.05)	1.50 (1.09–2.07)	1.00 (.65–1.54)
C. difficile	2.33 (1.36–4.01)	1.93 (1.08–3.43)	2.09 (1.12–3.91)
Vascular surgery
SSI	0.74 (.47–1.15)	0.77 (.48–1.21)	0.85 (.51–1.40)
UTI	2.48 (1.38–4.45)	2.25 (1.22–4.16)	1.53 (.74–3.19)
C. difficile	2.65 (1.24–5.65)	2.33 (1.04–5.26)	1.59 (.62–4.11)
Hysterectomy
SSI	0.83 (.31–2.24)	0.80 (.30–2.17)	1.57 (.53–4.70)
UTI	1.77 (.71–4.43)	1.80 (.72–4.52)	0.83 (.19–3.65)

The pyuria model did not include antimicrobial therapy as an adjustment variable. SSI and UTI models adjusted for age, diabetes, and smoking. Clostridium difficile models adjusted for pyuria and treatment only. C. difficile results were not available for the hysterectomy cohort because the model failed to converge. UTI outcome was not collected by the VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program for cardiac surgery, and this outcome is not available. Bold values in the table indicate statistically significant.

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SSI, surgical site infection; UTI, urinary tract infection.

^aThe risk of the outcome associated with pyuria after adjustment for antimicrobial exposure.

^bThe risk of the outcome associated with antibiotic treatment after pyuria detection.