Table 2.
IRIS Events by Associated Pathogen and by Site
| Type of IRIS | IRIS-related Organism | Number of Initial IRIS Events* (Percent of Events) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All sites (506 participants) | Kenya (200 participants) | Thailand (100 participants) | US (206 participants) | ||
| Any IRIS Type | 97 events | 33 events | 16 events | 48 events | |
| Mycobacterial IRIS | All mycobacterial IRIS events | 48 (49.5%)* | 17 (51.5%) | 8 (50.0%) | 23 (47.9%)* |
| Mycobacterium avium | 17 (17.5%)* | 0 | 2 (12.5%) | 15 (31.3%)* | |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 32 (33.0%)* | 17 (51.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | 9 (18.8%)* | |
| Viral IRIS | All viral IRIS events | 29 (29.6%) | 9 (27.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 18 (37.5%) |
| Cytomegalovirus | 7 (7.2%) | 0 | 2 (12.5%) | 5 (10.4%) | |
| Hepatitis B Virus | 2 (2.1%) | 1(3.0%) | 0 | 1 (2.1%) | |
| Hepatitis C Virus | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.1%) | |
| Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus | 4 (4.1%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0 | 2 (4.2%) | |
| Varicella Zoster Virus | 15 (15.5%) | 6 (18.2%) | 0 | 9 (18.8%) | |
| Fungal IRIS | All fungal IRIS Events | 16 (16.5%)* | 4 (12.1%) | 6 (37.5%) | 6 (12.5%)* |
| Cryptoccocus neoformans | 8 (8.2%) | 1 (3.0%) | 5 (31.2%) | 2 (4.2%) | |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | 3 (3.1%) | 0 | 0 | 3 (6.3%) | |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii | 5 (5.2%) | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (6.2%) | 1 (2.1%) | |
| Other | All other IRIS events | 5 (5.2%) | 3 (9.1%) | 0 | 2 (4.2%) |
| Toxoplasma gondii | 3 (3.1%) | 3 (9.1%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Strongyloides | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.1%) | |
| Hodgkin lymphoma (flare) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.1%) | |
*For patients who experienced two or more distinct immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) events, only the first event is included in the analyses and in this table. The additional events were related to the following organisms: varicella zoster virus (n = 2), Candida (n = 1), Mycobacterium avium complex (n = 1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 2), Pneumocystis jirovecii (n = 1), toxoplasma gondii (n = 1), and Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (n = 1), Two patients at the US site experienced single IRIS events potentially related to two different pathogens at the same time (M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex in one case, M. avium complex and Histoplasmosis in another). We have included both pathogens for both events in this table. For this reason, the numbers of pathogen-specific events add up to more than numbers of total, bacterial, and fungal events where indicated.