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. 2020 Jun 9;11(4):570–579. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.001

Table 2.

Summarized Atzei’s classification of TFCC peripheral tear (from Douglass, Nathan & Yao, Jeffrey. (2016). Biomechanics and Classification (Diagnosis and Imaging for TFCC Injuries, Instability).


Class 0 1 2 3 3a 4 5
Description Ulnar styloid tip fracture Distal TFCC tear Distal & Proximal tear Proximal TFCC tear Ulnar Styloid base fracture Irreparable proximal TFCC tear Advanced DRUJ arthritis
Clinical DRUJ instability Stable Stable Mild to severe instability Variable
Distal TFCC Intact Torn Torn Normal Normal Irreparable tear Variable
Proximal TFCC Intact Intact Torn Torn Intact Irreparable tear Variable
Hook Test Negative (taut) Positive (Abnormal Laxity) Variable
Treatment Immobilisation TFCC suture repair Fixation of proximal TFCC to fovea Ulnar Styloid fixation TFCC reconstruction Salvage