Table 4.
Review of literature on therapeutic interventions in feline CKD
| Authors | Therapy | n | IRIS stage | Design | Raw data available | Statistic | Observation time, days | Parameter | Sign. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown et al. [42], 2001 |
Benazepril, 0.25–0.5 mg/kg Benazepril, 0.5–0.1 mg/kg Benazepril, 1.0–2.0 mg/kg Placebo |
8 8 8 8 |
n.a. | Randomized, monocentric, induced CKD | No | Multivariate | 180 | Blood pressure GFR |
Yes1 Yes1 |
| King et al. [46], 2006 |
Benazepril Placebo | 96 96 |
Stages 2–4 | Randomized, double-blinded, multicenter (23 centers) | No | Multivariate, repeated measure | 900 | Survival UP/C QL (clinical score) |
No Yes1 No |
| Mizutani et al. [22], 2006 |
Benazepril Placebo |
33 28 |
Stages 2–4 | Randomized, double-blinded, multicenter (numbers not stated) | No | Repeated measure | 180 | Serum Crea UP/C Survival QL (Clinical Score) |
No Yes1 No No |
| Watanabe and Mishina [23], 2007 |
1. Induced CKD, benazepril 2. Spontaneous CKD, benazepril, no treatment |
5 6 5 |
n.a. Stages 2–3 |
Part 1: n.a. Part 2: monocentric |
No | Univariate Univariate |
21 168 |
Blood pressure Serum crea. Serum phos. Blood pressure |
Yes1 Yes1 No n.a. |
| Rishniw et al. [43], 2011 |
Azodyl (synbiotic) Psyllium husk (prebiotic, control) |
5 5 |
Stages 2–4 | Randomized, double-blinded, multicenter (numbers not stated) | No | Univariate | 60 | Serum crea. Serum BUN |
No No |
| Hanzlicek et al. [44], 2014 |
Chinese rhubarb Benazepril Chinese rhubarb + benazepril |
9 9 8 |
Stages 2–3 | Randomized, monocentric | No | Multivariate, repeated measure | 660 | Serum crea. UP/C Blood pressure |
No No No |
| Sent et al. [24], 2015 |
Telmisartan Benazepril |
112 112 |
Stages 2–4 | Randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter (48 centers) | No | Multivariate | 180 | UP/C | Yes2 |
| Takenaka et al. [45], 2018 |
Beraprost sodium Placebo |
36 38 |
Stages 2–3 | Randomized double-blinded, multicenter (22 centers) |
No | Multivariate, repeated measure |
180 | Serum crea. Serum BUN QL (clinical score) |
Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 |
| Own data, 2020 | SUC Benazepril | 33 35 |
Stages 2–3 | Observational, multicenter (12 centers) | Yesa | Multivariate | 168 | Serum crea. UP/C QL (clinical score) Blood pressure |
No No Yes4 No |
n, number of cats; sign., significant (in favor of 1 = benazepril, 2 = telmisartan, 3 = beraprost or 4 = SUC); n.a. not assessed; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; UP/C, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; QL, quality of life; serum crea., serum creatinine; serum phos., serum phosphate; serum BUN, serum blood urea nitrogen; SUC, Solidago compositum ad us. vet., Ubichinon compositum, Coenzyme compositum.
a
See supplementary Table 2.