Table 4.
Assessments | Comment | |
---|---|---|
History-taking |
CV risk factors: Age, gender, BMI, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, family history CV comorbidities/interventions: PAD, CAD, TIA, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and so on CV symptoms (past/current): CAD (angina pectoris, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope), CAS (visual symptoms, TIA, PRIND), PAD (intermittent claudication) |
|
Clinical examination |
Vascular assessment: pulse status, edema, carotid bruit Heart/lungs BP (both arms), heart rate, arrhythmia, heart murmurs |
|
Diagnostic imaging | ECG Echo ABI Carotid ultrasound |
The diagnostic imaging required depends on the clinical findings/risk |
Laboratory tests | Serum: fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, (fasting) triglycerides, potassium, creatinine, GFR, aminotransferases Urine: microalbumin, protein (quantitative) |
ABI, ankle-brachial index; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAS, cerebral artery stenosis; ECG, electrocardiogram; Echo, echocardiogram; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HBAlc, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PRIND, prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficit; TIA, transient ischemic attack.