Table 5:
Type of adverse events for each drug
| Adverse events*/patients using the drug | Pooled incidence of adverse events, random effect† (95% CI) | Adverse events type reported‡ | Type 1§ | Type 2 | Type 3 | Type 4 | Type 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciprofloxacin¶ | 4/723 | 0·6% (0·2–1·5) | 1 | Gynaecomastia (1) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Ofloxacin | 71/6062 | 0·9% (0·4–2·1) | 12 | Musculoskeletal (5, 42%) | Psychiatric (2, 17%) | Gastrointestinal (1, 8%) | Hepatotoxicity (1, 8%) | Rash (1, 8%) |
| Levofloxacin | 22/1012 | 1·3% (0·3–5·0) | 14 | Musculoskeletal (9, 64%) | Peripheral neuropathy (2, 14%) | Rash (2, 14%) | Hypoglycaemia (1, 7%) | .. |
| Clofazimine | 12/1712 | 1·6% (0·5–5·3) | 12 | Cardiovascular (4, 33%) | Hyperpigmentation (5, 42%) | Rash (2, 17%) | Gastrointestinal (1, 8%) | .. |
| Bedaquiline | 9/464 | 1·7% (0·7–4·2) | 9 | Cardiovascular (5, 56%) | Hepatotoxicity (2, 22%) | CNS toxicity (1, 11%) | Musculoskeletal (1, 11%) | .. |
| Ethambutol | 124/6089 | 1·8% (1·0–3·3) | 59 | Visual impairment (41, 70%) | Gastrointestinal (10, 17%) | Musculoskeletal (2, 3%) | Rash (2, 3%) | Hepatotoxicity (1, 2%) |
| Streptomycin | 34/1208 | 2·9% (1·3–6·2) | 6 | Ototoxicity (5, 83%) | Peripheral neuropathy (1, 17%) | .. | .. | .. |
| Moxifloxacin | 30/904 | 2·9% (1·6–5·0) | 24 | Cardiovascular (5, 21%) | Hepatotoxicity (4, 17%) | Gastrointestinal (3, 13%) | Peripheral neuropathy (3, 13%) | Musculoskeletal (2, 8%) |
| Amoxicillin–clavulanate | 21/695 | 2·9% (1·7–4·8) | 9 | Gastrointestinal (6, 67%) | Rash (1, 11%) | Musculoskeletal (1, 11%) | Peripheral neuropathy (1, 11%) | .. |
| Clarithromycin | 18/457 | 3·3% (1·5–7·0) | 7 | Gastrointestinal (4, 57%) | Hepatotoxicity (1, 14%) | Peripheral neuropathy (1, 14%) | Fatigue (1, 14%) | .. |
| Imipenem and meropenem | 9/158 | 4·9% (1·0–20·5) | 6 | Hepatotoxicity (3, 50%) | Rash (1, 17%) | Fatigue (1, 17%) | Pneumonia (1, 7%) | .. |
| Pyrazinamide | 410/5141 | 5·1% (3·1–8·4) | 142 | Musculoskeletal (47, 33%) | Gastrointestinal (33, 23%) | Hepatotoxicity (29, 20%) | Rash (18, 13%) | Hyperuricaemia (8, 6%) |
| Cycloserine and terizidone | 337/7547 | 5·7% (4·1–7·8) | 140 | Psychiatric (92, 66%) | CNS toxicity (35, 25%) | Gastrointestinal (5, 4%) | Peripheral neuropathy (2, 1%) | Rash (1, 1%) |
| Ethionamide protionamide | 376/4627 | 6·5% (4·1–10·1) | 108 | Gastrointestinal (52, 48%) | Hepatotoxicity (24, 22%) | Psychiatric (6, 6%) | Gynaecomastia (5, 5%) | Musculoskeletal (5, 5%) |
| Kanamycin | 268/1995 | 7·5% (4·6–11·9) | 56 | Ototoxicity (42, 75%) | Musculoskeletal (3, 5%) | CNS toxicity (2, 4%) | Gastrointestinal (2, 4%) | Hypotension (2, 4%) |
| Capreomycin | 161/1932 | 8·2% (6·3–10·7) | 71 | Nephrotoxicity (36, 51%) | Ototoxicity (12, 17%) | Rash (8, 11%) | Gastrointestinal (5, 7%) | Hypotension (2, 3%) |
| Amikacin | 235/4106 | 10·2% (6·3–16·0) | 211 | Ototoxicity (183, 87%) | Nephrotoxicity (22, 10%) | Gastrointestinal (2, 1%) | Intolerance (2, 1%) | Musculoskeletal (1, 1%) |
| Aminosalicylic | 532/2929 | 11·6% (7·1–18·3) | 120 | Gastrointestinal (95, 79%) | Hypothyroidism (6, 5%) | Hepatotoxicity 5, 4%) | Rash (5, 4%) | Nephrotoxicity (4, 3%) |
| Linezolid | 140/783 | 14·1% (9·9–19·6) | 137 | Peripheral neuropathy (87, 64%) | Myelosuppression (30, 22%) | Optic neuritis (7, 5%) | Gastrointestinal (3, 2%) | Rash (3, 2%) |
| Thioacetazone¶ | 103/719 | 14·3% (12·0–17·1) | 1 | Rash (1) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
*
Adverse events were defined as those that resulted in permanent discontinuation of a drug.
†
Pooled incidence of adverse events was estimated through meta-analysis of proportions (table 2).
‡
This analysis included only studies that reported adverse event types.
§
For each drug, simple pooling was done to calculate the number of each type of adverse event; the five most common adverse event types with the corresponding proportions were presented.
¶
Adverse event types were reported for only one patient.