Fig. 1.

The COG complex orchestrates retrograde membrane trafficking at the Golgi. In the anterograde secretory pathway (blue arrows), biosynthetic cargo is transported from the ER to PM through the Golgi by cisternal maturation. In the retrograde endocytic pathway (purple arrows), endocytic cargo is transported from PM via the endocytic system and Golgi back to the ER. The octameric COG complex (lobe A, red and lobe B, green) mostly tethers intra-Golgi recycling vesicles at Golgi rims. Transparent COG represents possible involvement in LE-TGN, ERGIC-ER and Golgi-autophagosome pathways. EE- Early endosome, LE- Late endosome, Lys- Lysosome, MVB- Multivesicular bodies, Auto- Autophagosome, ER- Endoplasmic Reticulum, ERGIC- ER Golgi intermediate compartment.