Table 5.
Mean plasma fatty acid concentrations (μmol fatty acid/L plasma) in phospholipid fraction in control and maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) baboons, based on linear mixed models.
| GD120 | GD140 | GD170 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FETAL PLASMA | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value |
| myristic (14:0) | 11.46 ± 5* | 8.14 ± 3.02† | 0.132 | 6.04 ± 3.65* | 9.62 ± 8.28† | 0.154 | 3.81 ± 4.2 | 6.81 ± 2.86† | 0.252 |
| palmitic (16:0) | 324.6 ± 80.73* | 252.54 ± 77.63† | 0.101 | 322 ± 55.9 | 398.97 ± 146.72 | 0.126 | 216.3 ± 84.54 | 238.35 ± 59.93 | 0.673 |
| palmitoleic (16:1 n-7) | 7.37 ± 5.35* | 5.48 ± 2.4† | 0.263 | 10.98 ± 6.26* | 13.14 ± 7.58† | 0.265 | 3.04 ± 0.94 | 2.83 ± 0.99 | 0.915 |
| stearic (18:0) | 263.09 ± 90.79 | 234.25 ± 79.15 | 0.554 | 136.17 ± 75.1 | 194.43 ± 99.95 | 0.296 | 158.68 ± 108.47 | 233.29 ± 59.27 | 0.197 |
| oleic (18:1 n-9) | 40.95 ± 9.38 | 34.41 ± 11.77 | 0.661 | 67.35 ± 27.96 | 80.53 ± 30.49 | 0.44 | 40.86 ± 8.73 | 39.12 ± 12.37 | 0.922 |
| linoleic (18:2 n-6) | 37.01 ± 14.05 | 33.68 ± 16.16 | 0.789 | 45.44 ± 14.93 | 58.07 ± 17.58 | 0.374 | 35.77 ± 12.07 | 28.46 ± 7.51 | 0.62 |
| α-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 1.95 ± 0.88 | 1.77 ± 1.15 | 0.849 | 3.64 ± 1.26 | 4.42 ± 1.66 | 0.474 | 2.32 ± 1.3 | 1.46 ± 0.39 | 0.442 |
| γ-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 1.75 ± 2.54* | 0.99 ± 0.5 | 0.052 | 0.42 ± 0.21 | 0.72 ± 0.59 | 0.492 | 0.39 ± 0.1 | 0.64 ± 0.3 | 0.584 |
| dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3 n-6) | 27.76 ± 14.52* | 23.48 ± 13.94† | 0.336 | 17.13 ± 6.86 | 22.68 ± 10.66 | 0.276 | 9.89 ± 2.75 | 12.57 ± 3.62 | 0.613 |
| arachidonic (20:4 n-6) | 251.43 ± 129.85* | 228.43 ± 137.98† | 0.509 | 188.76 ± 50.57 | 210.55 ± 60.18† | 0.585 | 121.03 ± 44.7 | 91.97 ± 25.62 | 0.483 |
| eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) | 1.37 ± 1.03 | 1.27 ± 0.78 | 0.887 | 4.01 ± 2.04 | 3.95 ± 2.38 | 0.938 | 1.97 ± 1.61 | 0.46 ± 0.16 | 0.053 |
| adrenic (22:4 n-6) | 2.09 ± 0.97* | 1.58 ± 0.62 | 0.053 | 2.32 ± 0.5* | 2.35 ± 0.56† | 0.939 | 2.19 ± 0.34 | 2.27 ± 0.79† | 0.797 |
| n3 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-3) | 1.94 ± 0.46 | 1.67 ± 0.5 | 0.378 | 2.13 ± 0.94 | 2.36 ± 0.43 | 0.528 | 2.32 ± 0.77 | 1.65 ± 0.55 | 0.072 |
| docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) | 46.24 ± 13.68 | 41.35 ± 16.48 | 0.563 | 49.11 ± 12.05 | 54.51 ± 7.76 | 0.578 | 35.2 ± 12.96 | 39.33 ± 16.58 | 0.681 |
| n6 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-6) | 3.23 ± 1.87 | 2.68 ± 0.9 | 0.603 | 3.09 ± 1.31 | 2.99 ± 0.61 | 0.937 | 1.99 ± 0.48 | 3.09 ± 1.49 | 0.382 |
| Total | 1022.23 ± 322.87 | 871.72 ± 315.13† | 0.28 | 858.58 ± 156.52 | 1059.28 ± 329.04 | 0.209 | 635.77 ± 251.95 | 702.29 ± 159.35 | 0.688 |
| GD120 | GD140 | GD170 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MATERNAL PLASMA | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value |
| myristic (14:0) | 5.14 ± 4.41 | 3.01 ± 3.16 | 0.333 | 1.01 ± 3.78 | 4.62 ± 8.18 | 0.152 | 5.09 ± 5.32 | 3.31 ± 2.69 | 0.496 |
| palmitic (16:0) | 210.77 ± 77.47 | 131.19 ± 43.16 | 0.07 | 290.98 ± 170.74 | 327.1 ± 120.05 | 0.472 | 437.33 ± 103.05* | 272.22 ± 100.97 | 0.002 |
| palmitoleic (16:1 n-7) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.18 ± 0.87 | 0.945 | 3.92 ± 2.68 | 5.2 ± 5.24 | 0.508 | 4.76 ± 1.49 | 1.99 ± 1 | 0.169 |
| stearic (18:0) | 298.15 ± 124.1 | 188.36 ± 60.7 | 0.024 | 221.47 ± 125.85* | 249.02 ± 84.69 | 0.621 | 436.68 ± 200.59* | 392.54 ± 148.72† | 0.445 |
| oleic (18:1 n-9) | 34.61 ± 15.12 | 23.99 ± 5.81 | 0.476 | 81.06 ± 56.77 | 107.43 ± 75.66 | 0.122 | 127.03 ± 47.22* | 56.49 ± 25.29 | <0.001 |
| linoleic (18:2 n-6) | 80.1 ± 38.55* | 56.04 ± 16.95† | 0.053 | 109.22 ± 57.75* | 116.52 ± 30.55† | 0.608 | 153.37 ± 31.94* | 95.45 ± 38.32† | <0.001 |
| α-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 4.32 ± 1.91* | 2.89 ± 0.79 | 0.134 | 6.64 ± 2.7* | 8.86 ± 3.09† | 0.041 | 11.88 ± 4.73* | 5.43 ± 2.67† | <0.001 |
| γ-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 0.32 ± 0.14 | 0.34 ± 0.15 | 0.968 | 0.34 ± 0.25 | 0.33 ± 0.42 | 0.989 | 0.88 ± 0.58 | 0.44 ± 0.33 | 0.346 |
| dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3 n-6) | 15.81 ± 4.69 | 12.62 ± 7.26 | 0.473 | 17.09 ± 10.48 | 14.67 ± 15.84 | 0.635 | 22.72 ± 2.61* | 16.35 ± 8.09 | 0.228 |
| arachidonic (20:4 n-6) | 116.33 ± 38.34 | 82.09 ± 33.66 | 0.326 | 146.64 ± 93.86 | 127.27 ± 76.51 | 0.627 | 176.75 ± 47.42 | 96.55 ± 29.45 | 0.053 |
| eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) | 2.3 ± 0.88 | 1.59 ± 0.56 | 0.284 | 3.33 ± 2.54 | 2.93 ± 2.06 | 0.59 | 3.83 ± 1.14* | 1.98 ± 0.68† | 0.018 |
| adrenic (22:4 n-6) | 1.34 ± 0.33 | 1.1 ± 0.25 | 0.362 | 1.34 ± 0.85 | 1.46 ± 0.49 | 0.707 | 2.12 ± 0.52 | 1.53 ± 0.39 | 0.065 |
| n3 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-3) | 2.33 ± 0.65 | 1.76 ± 0.46 | 0.069 | 2.79 ± 1.39 | 2.88 ± 0.53 | 0.803 | 3.74 ± 0.79* | 2.7 ± 0.66† | 0.005 |
| docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) | 41.13 ± 12.42 | 29.37 ± 7.71 | 0.165 | 62.32 ± 35.64 | 60.14 ± 31.37 | 0.823 | 77.9 ± 27.98* | 55.84 ± 14.11 | 0.028 |
| n6 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-6) | 5.83 ± 1.89* | 4.31 ± 2.23 | 0.152 | 5.08 ± 2.95 | 4.78 ± 4.01 | 0.803 | 7.63 ± 3.41* | 7.42 ± 4.07† | 0.864 |
| Total | 819.78 ± 277.45 | 539.85 ± 152.76 | 0.045 | 953.23 ± 513.24 | 1033.21 ± 375.29 | 0.616 | 1471.71 ± 364.72* | 1010.26 ± 353.46† | 0.005 |
Values expressed as mean ± SD
*
p value < 0.05 maternal vs fetal in control group
†
p value < 0.05 maternal vs fetal in MNR group