Table 6.
Mean plasma fatty acid concentrations (μmol fatty acid/L plasma) in cholesterol ester fraction in control and maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) baboons, based on linear mixed models.
| GD120 | GD140 | GD170 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FETAL PLASMA | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value |
| myristic (14:0) | 8.93 ± 4.85* | 9.21 ± 5.46† | 0.836 | 11.5 ± 3.73* | 10.17 ± 2.43† | 0.386 | 6.13 ± 1.31* | 6.62 ± 1.61† | 0.757 |
| palmitic (16:0) | 140.75 ± 44.5* | 157.58 ± 95.99† | 0.377 | 160.16 ± 33.09* | 166.66 ± 43.86† | 0.766 | 110.27 ± 13.49* | 117.83 ± 16.73† | 0.739 |
| palmitoleic (16:1 n-7) | 32.99 ± 10.25* | 37.13 ± 23.7† | 0.525 | 46.58 ± 36.44* | 45.83 ± 21.63† | 0.92 | 18.16 ± 7.12 | 19.24 ± 3.39† | 0.889 |
| stearic (18:0) | 45.55 ± 22.13* | 37.99 ± 19.54† | 0.353 | 65.79 ± 19.91* | 80.57 ± 34.47† | 0.113 | 51 ± 10.68* | 36.54 ± 8.67† | 0.135 |
| oleic (18:1 n-9) | 467.85 ± 275.32* | 460.48 ± 329.81† | 0.929 | 442.15 ± 66.68* | 862.92 ± 330.23† | <0.001 | 440.76 ± 117.29* | 307.45 ± 70.97† | 0.176 |
| linoleic (18:2 n-6) | 66.18 ± 41.8 | 75.43 ± 40.29 | 0.583 | 59.55 ± 20.34 | 93.07 ± 27.78 | 0.083 | 57.22 ± 9.13 | 52.7 ± 10.6 | 0.822 |
| α-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 3.81 ± 2.63 | 4.22 ± 2.33 | 0.764 | 5.2 ± 1.86 | 8.2 ± 2.59 | 0.058 | 3.8 ± 1.74 | 2.45 ± 0.84 | 0.409 |
| γ-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 4.85 ± 2.89* | 4.85 ± 3.34† | 0.997 | 2.4 ± 0.87 | 3.34 ± 1.77† | 0.365 | 1.51 ± 0.54 | 3.32 ± 0.83 | 0.093 |
| dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3 n-6) | 3.08 ± 1.59 | 3.32 ± 2.1† | 0.61 | 1.66 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.67† | 0.427 | 1.36 ± 0.4 | 1.89 ± 0.28 | 0.357 |
| arachidonic (20:4 n-6) | 82.51 ± 45.93* | 104.29 ± 65.93† | 0.124 | 62.96 ± 28.9* | 61.86 ± 23.9† | 0.946 | 40.42 ± 7.72 | 42.53 ± 4.73 | 0.9 |
| eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) | 0.94 ± 0.62 | 1.27 ± 1.19 | 0.229 | 1.34 ± 0.74* | 1.22 ± 0.52† | 0.707 | 0.66 ± 0.21 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 0.391 |
| adrenic (22:4 n-6) | 0.16 ± 0.09 | 0.32 ± 0.49† | 0.031 | 0.09 ± 0.06 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.813 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.834 |
| n3 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-3) | 0.13 ± 0.12 | 0.21 ± 0.27† | 0.067 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 0.686 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.984 |
| docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) | 5.6 ± 2.86 | 6.81 ± 4.42† | 0.24 | 3.75 ± 1.54 | 4.32 ± 1.07 | 0.627 | 3.34 ± 1.15 | 4.35 ± 1.15 | 0.409 |
| n6 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-6) | 0.52 ± 0.28 | 0.89 ± 0.98† | 0.049 | 0.2 ± 0.25 | 0.19 ± 0.24 | 0.96 | 0.25 ± 0.15 | 0.44 ± 0.13 | 0.398 |
| Total | 863.84 ± 427.22* | 904.01 ± 564.83† | 0.763 | 863.41 ± 144.49* | 1340.58 ± 432.65† | 0.002 | 735.06 ± 130.24* | 595.94 ± 89.14 | 0.379 |
| GD120 | GD140 | GD170 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MATERNAL PLASMA | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value | Control | MNR | p value |
| myristic (14:0) | 1.26 ± 0.93 | 1.14 ± 0.64 | 0.933 | 3.01 ± 4.15 | 1.68 ± 0.92 | 0.383 | 2.28 ± 0.9 | 2.09 ± 1.05 | 0.908 |
| palmitic (16:0) | 55.74 ± 29.68 | 40.9 ± 9.78 | 0.436 | 60.33 ± 36.97 | 51.85 ± 16.78 | 0.698 | 63.17 ± 36.04 | 51.97 ± 9.43 | 0.621 |
| palmitoleic (16:1 n-7) | 1.99 ± 0.78 | 1.89 ± 1.2 | 0.987 | 2.84 ± 1.2 | 2.06 ± 1.33 | 0.917 | 3.64 ± 3.12 | 1.82 ± 1.87 | 0.814 |
| stearic (18:0) | 10.06 ± 5.83 | 8.33 ± 5.47 | 0.831 | 21.1 ± 31.9 | 10.24 ± 10.66 | 0.244 | 7.31 ± 12.03 | 6.43 ± 4.19 | 0.928 |
| oleic (18:1 n-9) | 163.14 ± 131.02 | 91.84 ± 42.39 | 0.39 | 217.03 ± 82.21 | 175.32 ± 70.47 | 0.661 | 179.78 ± 113.69 | 131.12 ± 58.74 | 0.622 |
| linoleic (18:2 n-6) | 146.9 ± 61* | 108.2 ± 27.76† | 0.022 | 127.56 ± 37.68* | 131.68 ± 22.62† | 0.831 | 127.11 ± 70.5* | 107.89 ± 14.42† | 0.337 |
| α-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 8.86 ± 4.09* | 6.43 ± 2.37 | 0.079 | 8.43 ± 5.19* | 8.35 ± 3.78 | 0.956 | 6.65 ± 4.97 | 6.39 ± 1.26† | 0.878 |
| γ-linolenic (18:3 n-3) | 1.81 ± 0.9 | 1.73 ± 0.89 | 0.936 | 2.52 ± 2.14 | 1.35 ± 1.62 | 0.259 | 4.42 ± 3.16* | 2.4 ± 1.93 | 0.062 |
| dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3 n-6) | 2.24 ± 1.06 | 1.66 ± 0.85 | 0.232 | 1.71 ± 0.91 | 0.9 ± 0.55 | 0.142 | 1.58 ± 0.95 | 1.39 ± 0.55 | 0.748 |
| arachidonic (20:4 n-6) | 51.24 ± 24.73 | 34.34 ± 12.84 | 0.232 | 32.98 ± 7.63 | 29.65 ± 19.05 | 0.837 | 45.39 ± 31.68 | 28.62 ± 10.35 | 0.319 |
| eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) | 1.41 ± 0.79 | 1.01 ± 0.43 | 0.152 | 0.71 ± 0.41 | 0.62 ± 0.36 | 0.796 | 0.92 ± 0.6 | 0.79 ± 0.12 | 0.698 |
| adrenic (22:4 n-6) | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.907 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.973 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.859 |
| n3 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-3) | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.449 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.771 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.632 |
| docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) | 5.11 ± 1.94 | 4.23 ± 1.5 | 0.395 | 4.29 ± 1.21 | 3.99 ± 1.78 | 0.799 | 4.97 ± 3.24 | 4.49 ± 1.55 | 0.698 |
| n6 docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-6) | 0.59 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.18 | 0.616 | 0.11 ± 0.19 | 0.27 ± 0.4 | 0.444 | 0.54 ± 0.49 | 0.53 ± 0.24 | 0.938 |
| Total | 450.5 ± 248.51 | 302.32 ± 79.9 | 0.265 | 482.72 ± 184.22 | 418.07 ± 127.01 | 0.671 | 447.9 ± 257.79 | 346.05 ± 83.55 | 0.519 |
Values expressed as mean ± SD
*
p value < 0.05 maternal vs fetal in control group
†
p value < 0.05 maternal vs fetal in MNR group