Table 3. Sociodemographic-stratified point prevalence and odds ratios for asymptomatic malaria infection by microscopy, RDT and nPCR.
| Variables | Microscopy | RDT | nPCR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence | OR (95% CI) | Prevalence | OR (95% CI) | Prevalence | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 50 (10.0) | 1 | 70 (14.0) | 1 | 86 (17.2) | 1 |
| Male | 66 (13.2) | 1.35 (0.75–2.44) | 86 (17.2) | 1.26 (0.74–2.15) | 98 (19.6) | 1.14 (0.68–1.14) |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| ≤1 | 12 (2.4) | 1 | 14 (2.8) | 1 | 18 (3.6) | 1 |
| >1–2 | 56 (11.2) | 1.30 (0.48–3.48) | 78 (15.6) | 1.69 (0.67–4.27) | 82 (16.4) | 1.30 (0.55–3.09) |
| >2–3 | 18 (3.6) | 1.34 (0.42–4.30) | 22 (4.4) | 1.45 (0.48–4.35) | 30 (6.0) | 1.67 (0.60–4.46) |
| >3–4 | 22 (4.4) | 1.70 (0.55–5.28) | 26 (5.2) | 1.78 (0.61–5.23) | 32 (6.4) | 1.78 (0.65–4.87) |
| >4–5 | 8 (1.6) | 0.76 (0.19–3.04) | 16 (3.2) | 1.52 (0.47–4.98) | 22 (4.4) | 1.79 (0.60–5.38) |
| Female | ||||||
| ≤1 | 8 (3.3) | 1 | 12 (4.9) | 1 | 12 (4.9) | 1 |
| >1–2 | 22 (9.0) | 0.84 (0.23–3.04) | 30 (12.3) | 0.71 (0.23–2.24) | 34 (13.9) | 0.85 (0.27–2.64) |
| >2–3 | 10 (4.1) | 1.03 (0.23–4.58) | 14 (5.7) | 0.93 (0.25–3.52) | 20 (8.2) | 1.67 (0.46–6.06) |
| >3–4 | 4 (1.6) | 0.70 (0.11–4.59) | 6 (2.5) | 0.67 (0.13–3.41) | 10 (4.1) | 1.43 (0.32–6.46) |
| >4–5 | 6 (2.5) | 1.05 (0.19–5.76) | 8 (3.3) | 0.89 (0.19–4.11) | 10 (4.1) | 1.25 (0.28–5.53) |
| Male | ||||||
| ≤1 | 4 (1.6) | 1 | 2 (0.8) | 1 | 3 (2.3) | 1 |
| >1–2 | 34 (13.3) | 2.13 (0.43–10.60) | 48 (18.8) | 7.78 (0.95–63.80) | 48 (18.8) | 2.16 (0.54–8.67) |
| >2–3 | 8 (3.1) | 2.00 (0.30–13.27) | 8 (3.1) | 4.36 (0.42–45.26) | 10 (3.9) | 1.67 (0.31–8.93) |
| >3–4 | 18 (7.0) | 2.91 (0.53–16.09) | 20 (7.8) | 7.50 (0.84–66.86) | 22 (8.6) | 2.44 (0.54–11.03) |
| >4–5 | 2 (0.8) | 0.46 (0.04–5.79) | 8 (3.1) | 5.33 (0.51–56.24) | 12 (4.7) | 2.86 (0.53–15.47) |
| Anaemic status | ||||||
| Non-anaemic | 8 (1.6) | 1 | 16 (3.2) | 1 | 18 (3.6) | 1 |
| Anaemic | 108 (21.6) | 5.70 (1.97–16.48)** | 140 (28.0) | 3.90 (1.75–8.67)** | 166 (33.2) | 4.54 (2.11–9.71)*** |
| Residence | ||||||
| Barekuma | 16 (3.2) | 1 | 20 (4.0) | 1 | 22 (4.4) | 1 |
| Barekese | 8 (1.6) | 1.75 (0.47–6.48) | 10 (2.0) | 1.79 (0.54–5.96) | 20 (4.0) | 4.55 (1.58–13.08)** |
| Adankwame | 16 (3.2) | 1.62 (0.56–4.65) | 18 (3.6) | 1.45 (0.54–3.88) | 22 (4.4) | 1.67 (0.66–4.23) |
| Esaaso | 0 (0.0) | - | 10 (2.0) | 1.33 (0.41–4.30) | 14 (2.8) | 1.82 (0.62–5.30) |
| Abira | 28 (5.6) | 3.68 (1.39–9.71)** | 40 (8.0) | 5.08 (2.08–12.43)*** | 40 (8.0) | 4.55 (1.90–10.90)** |
| Worapong | 48 (9.6) | 13.50 (5.03–36.25)*** | 58 (11.9) | 19.66 (7.21–53.60)*** | 66 (13.2) | 36.00 (11.52–112.48)*** |
**; Significant at p<0.01
***; Significant at p<0.0001