Table 1.
Demographic and Treatment Characteristics of Matched Cardiomyopathy Cases and Control Subjects
| Cases (n = 50) | Control Subjects (n = 50) | p Value∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 18 (36) | 22 (44) | 0.414 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 26 (56) | 27 (63) | 0.547† |
| Black | 7 (15) | 4 (9) | |
| Asian | 7 (15) | 7 (16) | |
| Hispanic | 4 (9) | 5 (12) | |
| Multiracial | 2 (4) | 0 | |
| Unknown | 4 (8) | 7 914) | |
| Mean age at cancer diagnosis, yrs | 8.0 ± 5.5 | 7.2 ± 4.6 | 0.431 |
| Year of cancer diagnosis | 0.773 | ||
| 1991–1999 | 8 (16) | 7 (14) | |
| 2000–2005 | 17 (34) | 15 (30) | |
| 2006–2009 | 17 (34) | 22 (44) | |
| 2010–2015 | 8 (16) | 6 (12) | |
| Cancer diagnosis | 0.127 | ||
| Leukemia | 14 (28) | 14 (28) | |
| Lymphoma | 11 (22) | 15 (30) | |
| Sarcoma | 14 (28) | 18 (36) | |
| Other solid tumor | 11 (22) | 3 (6) | |
| Doxorubicin exposure | 41 (82) | 42 (84) | 0.790 |
| Median dose, mg/m2 | 260 (225–375) | 300 (200–375) | 0.934 |
| Daunorubicin exposure | 17 (34) | 14 (28) | 0.516 |
| Median dose, mg/m2 | 120 (95–300) | 100 (100–300) | 0.732 |
| Mitoxantrone exposure | 5 (10) | 5 (10) | 1.000 |
| Median dose, mg/m2 | 48 (48–50) | 48 (48–48) | n-e |
| Idarubicin exposure | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 0.557 |
| Cumulative anthracycline dose, mg/m2‡ | 280 (200–450) | 300 (200–450) | 0.994 |
| Radiotherapy affecting the heart | 22 (44) | 21 (42) | 0.839 |
| Years of follow-up (cancer diagnosis to last follow-up) | 0.588 | ||
| <10 | 23 (46) | 29 (58) | |
| 10+ | 27 (54) | 21 (42) | |
| Years of follow-up from cancer diagnosis to first abnormal echo | N/A | ||
| <2 | 17 (34) | N/A | |
| 2–9 | 17 (34) | N/A | |
| 10+ | 16 (32) | N/A | |
| Age at first abnormal echo, yrs | |||
| 0–9 | 7 (14) | N/A | |
| 10–14 | 17 (34) | N/A | |
| 15–19 | 20 (40) | N/A | |
| 20–24 | 4 (8) | N/A | |
| 25–35 | 2 (4) | N/A | |
| Treated for cardiomyopathy | 27 (54) | N/A | |
| History of heart transplant | 1 (2) | N/A | |
| Mean age at last follow-up, yrs | 18.3 ± 5.2 | 17.2 ± 4.4 | 0.224 |
Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile 25th and 75th percentiles).
N/A = not applicable; n-e = not estimable.
∗
Comparison of cases and control subjects based on chi-square test for categorical values; Student’s t-test, or Wilcoxon for continuous values.
†
White non-Hispanic vs. other.
‡
Based on the following conversion for doxorubicin equivalence: daunorubicin 0.5, epirubicin 0.67, idarubicin 3.0, and mitoxantrone 10.0.