Table 3.
Estimates, Derived by LSM of Centrally Quantified Echocardiographic Parameters for Cases and Control Subjects During 3 Time Periods: at the Time of Cancer Diagnosis; While on Cancer Therapy, and After Therapy up to and Including the Time of the Index Case Echocardiogram∗
| Case |
Control |
p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Echo Time Points, n | LSM Estimate (95% CI) | n | Echo Time Points, n | LSM Estimate (95% CI) | ||
| 2D-derived FS, % | |||||||
| At cancer diagnosis | 15 | 15 | 31 (29 to 33) | 11 | 11 | 35 (33 to 38) | 0.010 |
| On therapy | 22 | 44 | 27 (26 to 29) | 14 | 3 | 34 (32 to 35) | <0.001 |
| Post-therapy | 37 | 121 | 26 (25 to 27) | 50 | 181 | 31 (30 to 32) | <0.001 |
| Biplane EF, % | |||||||
| At cancer diagnosis | 6 | 6 | 62 (57 to 66) | 3 | 3 | 64 (58 to 70) | 0.523 |
| On therapy | 10 | 13 | 55 (52 to 59) | 7 | 15 | 64 (61 to 68) | <0.001 |
| Post-therapy | 28 | 67 | 55 (53 to 56) | 41 | 99 | 63 (61 to 64) | <0.001 |
| Mitral PW E/A ratio | |||||||
| At cancer diagnosis | 13 | 13 | 1.61 (1.28 to 1.94) | 9 | 9 | 2.14 (1.75 to 2.53) | 0.035 |
| On therapy | 18 | 34 | 1.65 (1.42 to 1.88) | 13 | 33 | 1.78 (1.53 to 2.02) | 0.419 |
| Post-therapy | 37 | 114 | 1.84 (1.69 to 1.99) | 50 | 170 | 2.24 (2.12 to 2.37) | <0.001 |
| PW Doppler-derived MPI | |||||||
| At cancer diagnosis | 9 | 9 | 0.32 (0.28 to 0.36) | 9 | 9 | 0.29 (0.25 to 0.33) | 0.247 |
| On therapy | 14 | 26 | 0.33 (0.31 to 0.36) | 13 | 32 | 0.29 (0.26 to 0.31) | 0.006 |
| Post-therapy | 32 | 82 | 0.34 (0.32 to 0.35) | 50 | 159 | 0.29 (0.28 to 0.30) | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic dimension, z-score | |||||||
| At cancer diagnosis | 10 | 10 | 1.10 (0.54 to 1.67) | 6 | 6 | 0.34 (−0.32 to 1.00) | 0.088 |
| On therapy | 17 | 33 | 0.95 (0.53 to 1.38) | 14 | 31 | 0.10 (−0.33 to 0.53) | 0.006 |
| Post-therapy | 36 | 100 | 0.66 (0.34 to 0.97) | 47 | 157 | −0.11 (−0.39 to 0.17) | <0.001 |
| LV thickness-dimension ratio | |||||||
| At cancer diagnosis | 15 | 15 | 0.14 (0.13 to 0.15) | 11 | 11 | 0.15 (0.14 to 0.16) | 0.088 |
| On therapy | 22 | 44 | 0.13 (0.12 to 0.14) | 14 | 35 | 0.15 (0.14 to 0.16) | 0.003 |
| Post-therapy | 37 | 121 | 0.13 (0.13 to 0.14) | 50 | 182 | 0.14 (0.14 to 0.15) | 0.027 |
Abbreviations as in Table 2.
∗
LSM, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values for case-control comparisons were from longitudinal mixed models for each measure, including an interaction between case status and time period, and using an autoregressive correlation structure between echocardiograms for the same patient. As an example, the estimated FS is 31% in cases at cancer diagnosis as compared to 35% in controls at cancer diagnosis.