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. 2020 Jun 25;12(6):e8834. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8834

Table 6. Appendix A - formative evaluation tool.

  Yes No
Objective 1: mass casualty triage
Assesses scene    
Wears appropriate personal protective equipment    
Asks for additional help    
Acknowledges limited resources and need for triage    
Asks facilitator for condition and vital signs for all victims    
Appropriately assigns triage tags as follows:
Van - victim A (black)    
Van - victim B (black)    
Car - victim A (red)    
Car - victim B (green)    
Car - victim C (yellow)    
Car - victim D (black)    
Allocates available resources appropriately (i.e. attends to victims in the following order: red→ yellow → green → black)    
Objective 2: effective team communication
Encourages closed-loop communication of all team members    
Delegates tasks appropriately to other team members    
Appropriately uses the SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Response) approach when communicating with accepting providers    
Objective 3: to perform a systematic trauma assessment with associated stabilization in a prehospital setting
Car victim A (red tag):
Reassesses vitals    
Assesses airway    
Acknowledges need for intervention    
Selects appropriately-sized oropharyngeal airway (may demonstrate on mannequin)    
If demonstrated, uses appropriate technique.    
Bag-mask ventilation (may demonstrate on mannequin)    
If demonstrated, uses appropriate technique.    
Maintains C-Spine immobilization throughout airway intervention    
Assesses breathing (auscultation) *prompt: reduced air entry to right lung    
Acknowledges potential causes (hemothorax, pneumothorax)    
Suggests chest tube Insertion (may demonstrate with task trainer)    
If demonstrated, uses appropriate technique    
Obtains IV access x 2 (large-bore)    
Administers fluid bolus    
Reassesses vitals    
Immobilizes patient in preparation for transport    
Allocates team member to continue monitoring patient    
Car victim B (yellow tag):
Reassesses vitals    
Airway assessment (patent)    
Assesses breathing    
When provided with physical findings, suggests potential causes for victim’s problem (including tension pneumothorax)    
Suggests needle thoracostomy (may demonstrate on mannequin if available)    
If available: demonstrates appropriate technique    
Obtains IV access x 2 (large bore)    
Administers fluid bolus    
Reassesses vitals    
Immobilizes patient in preparation for transport    
Allocates team member to continue monitoring patient    
Car victim C (Green)
Reassesses vitals    
Assesses airway (patent)    
Assesses breathing    
Assesses circulation    
Obtains IV access x 2 (large bore)    
Administers fluid bolus    
Acknowledges that fracture likely contributing to tachycardia/hypotension    
Suggests reduction of fracture    
Suggests tourniquet or direct pressure    
Reassesses vitals    
Immobilizes patient in preparation for transport    
Re-assessment of car victims A-C    
Reassesses vitals    
Ensures adequate exposure    
Neurological exam, including digital rectal exam for rectal tone    
Ensures patients are appropriately covered to maintain normothermia    
Objective 4: to prepare a patient for safe transport to hospital care
Acknowledges the need to call ahead to the accepting facility    
Calls ahead and provides appropriate information    
Appropriately prioritizes transport of sickest patient first (red tag)