Table 2.

One-sample null hypothesis tests for Dog Cognitive Development Battery (DCDB) measures in puppies

Variable	Null hypothesis	Mean	t	df	P
Laterality: laterality index	0	−7.18	−1.93	167	0.06
Communicative marker	50	76.21	19.02	165	0.00
Arm pointing	50	69.41	13.17	163	0.00
Odour control trials	50	49.54	−0.38	162	0.71
Memory (5 s)	50	74.34	15.61	164	0.00
Memory (10 s)	50	70.24	11.72	162	0.00
Memory (15 s)	50	65.03	8.19	101	0.00
Memory (20 s)	50	63.89	5.53	59	0.00
Visual discrimination	50	91	41.66	167	0.00
Auditory discrimination	50	58.91	5.82	166	0.00
Odour discrimination: first choice	50	53.76	2.31	163	0.02
Odour discrimination: final choice	50	72.56	14.61	163	0.00