Table 1.

Published Studies Worldwide Demonstrating Association Between Myocardial Injury Diagnosed by Troponin Elevation and the Association With COVID-19–Associated Mortality

Location	N	Patient Acuity	Assay Used	HR (95% CI) for Death	Prevalence in Nonsurvivors vs. Survivors	Ref. #
Wuhan, China	671	Severe	hs-cTnI	4.56 (1.28–16.28)	75.8% vs. 9.7%	(4)
Wuhan, China	416	Hospitalized	hs-cTnI	4.26 (1.92–9.49)	51.2% vs. 4.5%	(5)
Wuhan, China	191	Hospitalized	hs-cTnI	80.1 (10.3–620.36)	46% vs. 1%	(6)
Seattle, United States	24 (13 with measured troponin)	Severe	Troponin (not otherwise specified)		50% (n = 1 of 2) vs. 45% (n = 5 of 11)	(9)
Northern Italy	53	Hospitalized with pre-existing CVD	hs-cTnT		100% vs. 74%	(10)
New York City, United States	2,736	Hospitalized	Troponin I	Low (0.03–0.09 ng/ml): 1.75 (1.37–2.24) High (>0.09 ng/ml): 3.03 (2.42–3.80)	60% (>0.09 ng/ml) vs. 35% (0.03–0.09 ng/ml) vs. 15% (<0.03 ng/ml) (estimated from Figure 1 of Lala et al.)	(7)

CI = confidence interval; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease-2019; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = hazard ratio; hs-cTnI = high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; hs-cTnT = high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T.