Table 5.

Association of PUFA intake on HRQoL in elderly COPD patients (n=298)

Variable	Total PUFA		N3 PUFA		N6 PUFA
	Coefficient±SE	p-value	Coefficient±SE	p-value	Coefficient±SE	p-value
Crude	0.838±0.186	<0.001	0.797±0.221	<0.001	0.865±0.186	<0.001
Model 1	0.627±0.197	0.002	0.528±0.224	0.019	0.673±0.201	0.001
Model 2	0.592±0.193	0.002	0.481±0.215	0.026	0.642±0.198	0.001
Model 3	0.532±0.186	0.005	0.354±0.175	0.045	0.532±0.186	0.005

Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed after log-transforming the value of total, N3, and N6 PUFA because of its left-skewed distribution. HRQoL was measured using European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; model 2 was additionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol consumption; and model 3 was additionally adjusted for residence, education, total calorie intake, and predicted FEV₁%.

PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; N3, omega-3; N6, omega-6; SE, standard error; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.