. 2020 Apr 13;37(3):149–158. doi: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00157

Table 2.

Details of the clinical studies of AD-MSCs in knee OA

Study	Study design (no. of cases)	Mean age (yr)	Mean follow-up (mo)	Delivery method	Cell population (cells/mL)	Additional factor	Outcome	Complication
Jo et al. (2014) [14]	Case series (dose-dependent) (3 vs. 3 vs. 12)	60	6	Intra-articular injection	Low-dose: 1.0×10⁷	Diagnostic arthroscopy	Better clinical outcomes and decreased cartilage defect in high-dose group; Hyaline-like regeneration	No treatment-related AEs
					Mid-dose: 5.0×10⁷			Most common AEs: nasopharyngitis
					High-dose: 1.0×10⁸			Serious AEs: urinary stone
Pak et al. (2013) [51]	Case series (100)	51.2	26	Intra-articular injection	NA (AD-SVF)	PRP+HA+CaCl₂	Pain (VAS) was improved	Joint swelling
Pak et al. (2013) [51]	Case series (100)	51.2	26	Intra-articular injection	NA (AD-SVF)	PRP+HA+CaCl₂	Pain (VAS) was improved	No tumor formation
Kim et al. (2015) [53]	Comparative matched-pair analysis (20 vs. 20)	59.2	28.6	Intra-articular injection vs. surgical implantation	4.0×10⁶	Injection: PRP	Better clinical and second-look arthroscopic outcomes in surgical implantation group	NA
						Surgical implantation: fibrin glue
						Second-look arthroscopy
Pers et al. (2016) [52]	Prospective (dose-dependent) (6 vs. 6 vs. 6)	64.6	6	Intra-articular injection	Low-dose: 2.0×10⁶	-	Improved clinical outcomes in all groups; Limited possible improvement on MRI	-
					Mid-dose: 1.0×10⁷
					High-dose: 5.0×10⁷
Lee et al. (2019) [50]	Prospective RCT (12 MSCs vs. 12 saline)	62.7	6	Intra-articular injection	1.0×10⁸	-	Significantly improved clinical outcomes in MSCs group; Increased defect in control group	-

AD-MSC, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell; OA, osteoarthritis; F/U, follow-up; AE, adverse event; NA, non-available; AD-SVF, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction; PRP, platelet-rich plasma; HA, hyaluronic acid; VAS, visual analogue scale; MRI, magnetic resonance image; RCT, randomized controlled trial; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells.