(a) STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 gene expression in RAW macrophages transfected with pGAS5 or pcDNA3.1 (n=3, p < 0.05). (b) GAS5 and STAT1 gene expression in macrophages transfected with increasing amounts of pGAS5. (c) Western blot analysis of pSTAT1, STAT1, pSTAT3, STAT3, pERK, and ARG1 following transfection of RAW macrophages with pGAS5. GAPDH served as an internal loading control. (d) Quantification of relative intensities for the ratio of pSTAT1/STAT1, ARG1/GAPDH, and pERK/GAPDH from western blot.